1	Cauline leaves all or mostly verticillate		(2)
+	Cauline leaves all alternate		(5)
2 (1)	Corolla small, less than 11 mm; calyx lobes filiform.		38 A. tetraphylla
+	Corolla larger than 13 mm; calyx lobes lanceolate or subulate		(3)
3 (2)	Calyx lobes toothed; corolla tubular-campanulate, 18-25 mm; style slightly shorter than corolla.		33 A. wulingshanica
+	Calyx lobes entire; corolla campanulate, 13-20 mm; style exserted or included		(4)
4 (3)	Cauline leaves partially verticillate; inflorescence branches not verticillate; calyx lobes lanceolate, 3-6 mm.		31 A. pereskiifolia
+	Cauline leaves all verticillate; inflorescence branches often verticillate; calyx lobes elliptic-lanceolate, 5-10 mm.		32 A. divaricata
5 (1)	Cauline leaves (at least lower ones) petiolate, very rarely subsessile		(6)
+	Cauline leaves sessile, only some individuals of some species (e.g., A. stricta) with lower cauline leaves very shortly winged-petiolate		(17)
6 (5)	Calyx lobes toothed		(7)
+	Calyx lobes entire, usually ovate to lanceolate, rarely linear-lanceolate, (1-)1.5-4 mm wide		(10)
7 (6)	Cauline leaves pinnatifid up to over half; capsule columnar, base rounded, only ca. 3 mm wide.		34 A. lobophylla
+	Cauline leaves toothed; capsule ellipsoid, base obtuse, more than 3 mm wide		(8)
8 (7)	Cauline leaves with petioles 2-4 cm, cordate at base; disk ca. 0.7 mm high; style equal to corolla in length.		7 A. cordifolia
+	Cauline leaves with petioles less than 2.5 cm, cuneate or shallowly cordate at base; disk 1.5-2.5 mm; style ± exserted		(9)
9 (8)	Inflorescence a pseudoraceme or narrow panicle, without secondary branches; calyx lobes with verrucose teeth, or even entire; leaves glabrous adaxially.		8 A. liliifolia
+	Inflorescence a large panicle, with secondary branches; calyx lobes often with 1-4 pairs of long teeth, rarely verrucose teeth; leaves sparsely scaberulose adaxially.		20 A. potaninii
10 (6)	Cauline leaves all obviously petiolate, base cordate or rounded, not decurrent or shortly decurrent; calyx lobes obtuse at apex		(11)
+	Cauline leaves only lower ones petiolate, upper ones sessile or shortly cuneate-petiolate; calyx lobes acute or acuminate at apex		(12)
11 (10)	Cauline leaves all cordate, papery; calyx tube (hypanthium) obconic at least at anthesis.		1 A. trachelioides
+	Cauline leaves rounded or broadly cuneate, only some lower ones shallowly cordate, membranous; calyx tube obovoid or obovoid-conical.		2 A. remotiflora
12 (10)	Cauline leaves only 2, lower one cordate, upper one much smaller.		5 A. brevidiscifera
+	Cauline leaves many, not cordate		(13)
13 (12)	Calyx tube globose, calyx lobes subulate-lanceolate, 8-14 mm; pedicels 1.5-3 cm.		6 A. longipedicellata
+	Calyx tube obovoid or obconical, calyx lobes usually shorter; pedicels shorter		(14)
14 (13)	Corolla 1.5-2.7 cm, lobes 5-11 mm; calyx lobes ovate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-4 mm wide.		3 A. petiolata
+	Corolla less than 1.8 cm, lobes less than 5 mm; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate or subulate, 1-2 mm wide		(15)
15 (14)	Leaves usually sparsely hispidulous, 7-13 × 1.5-3 cm; calyx mostly hairy, occasionally glabrous, lobes 1-2 mm wide; corolla ca. 17 mm.		4 A. rupincola
+	Leaves glabrous or hairy along veins, 3-8 cm; calyx glabrous, occasionally scaberulose; corolla 13-15 mm		(16)
16 (15)	Leaves often hairy on margins and along veins; calyx tube obovoid or obconic; inflorescence a narrow panicle or pseudoraceme.		8 A. liliifolia
+	Leaves glabrous throughout; calyx tube usually globose, rarely obovoid-globose; inflorescence a panicle.		11 A. sinensis
17 (5)	Corolla small, less than 17 mm, constricted at throat and thus corolla urceolate; style strongly exserted, more than 1.5 × as long as corolla; disk narrowly tubular, 2-7 mm, less than 1 mm wide		(18)
+	Corolla usually larger, campanulate; style slightly exserted or included, less than 1.5 × as long as corolla; disk not much longer than broad		(20)
18 (17)	Calyx lobes filiform, 3-20 mm, sometimes with 1 or 2 pairs of verrucose teeth at lower part.		37 A. capillaris
+	Calyx lobes subulate, entire		(19)
19 (18)	Stems and leaves densely scaberulose; corolla 10-17 mm.		35 A. stenanthina
+	Stems and leaves glabrous or villous; corolla 8-12 mm.		36 A. liliifolioides
20 (17)	Calyx lobes entire		(21)
+	Calyx lobes toothed		(32)
21 (20)	Calyx scaberulose; calyx lobes subulate, broadest at base, 6-8 mm; style nearly as long as corolla.		10 A. stricta
+	Calyx mostly glabrous, if hairy then corolla ± constricted at throat; calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2-6 mm, if more than 6 mm then calyx tube never globose and glabrous; style obviously exserted or not		(22)
22 (21)	Calyx lobes very short, shorter than 2.5 mm		(23)
+	Calyx lobes longer than 3 mm, broadest at middle		(24)
23 (22)	Cauline leaf blade linear, ca. 5 cm × 0.8 mm; corolla 18-19 mm.		14 A. pinifolia
+	Cauline leaf blade linear to oblong, 1.5-4 × 0.3-1 cm; corolla 12-14 mm.		15 A. micrantha
24 (22)	Calyx variously hairy; corolla shallowly lobed, ± constricted at throat, lobes less than 1/4 as long as total length, often reflexed		(25)
+	Calyx glabrous; corolla more deeply lobed, not constricted at throat, lobes more than 1/4 as long as total length		(26)
25 (24)	Corolla throat slightly constricted, 9-15 mm wide; corolla lobes 4-6 mm.		12 A. polyantha
+	Corolla throat strongly constricted, 4-7 mm wide; corolla lobes up to 3 mm.		13 A. contracta
26 (24)	Calyx lobes elliptic, ca. 2 mm wide, middle part broadest, nearly 2 × as broad as base.		16 A. palustris
+	Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate or subulate, base broadest or middle part broadest but not 2 × as broad as base		(27)
27 (26)	Calyx lobes subulate, base broadest		(28)
+	Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, middle part broadest, or at least broadest part not at base		(30)
28 (27)	Disk broadly tubular, 3-8 mm, up to 3 mm wide; calyx lobes 5-10 mm; inflorescence a pseudoraceme.		17 A. himalayana
+	Disk less than 1.5 mm; calyx lobes 3-5 mm; inflorescence a panicle, rarely a pseudoraceme		(29)
29 (28)	Cauline leaves ovate to lanceolate, 5-25 mm wide; corolla 12-21 mm.		18 A. amurica
+	Cauline leaves mostly linear to linear-elliptic, less than 5 mm wide; corolla 10-13 mm.		23 A. stenophylla
30 (27)	Corolla 16-28 mm, lobes 6-8 mm; leaves entire or sparsely serrate, 2-13 mm wide; style usually shorter than or nearly as long as corolla.		19 A. gmelinii
+	Corolla 13-22 mm, lobes 4-6 mm; leaves always crenulate, 5-40 mm wide; calyx lobes 3-6 mm; style exserted or not		(31)
31 (30)	Style included or as long as corolla; leaves 2.5-7 cm; corolla lobes 4-6 mm.		9 A. lamarckii
+	Style exserted; leaves 6-13 cm; corolla lobes ca. 4 mm.		31 A. pereskiifolia
32 (20)	Calyx lobes ovate-triangular, overlapping at lower part, recurved toward lateral side; capsule subglobose; style included.		21 A. tricuspidata
+	Calyx lobes narrower, never overlapping, not recurved; capsule subglobose or not; style exserted or included		(33)
33 (32)	Cauline leaves aggregated at middle part of stems, glabrous, lanceolate or linear-elliptic.		22 A. wilsonii
+	Cauline leaves evenly distributed or aggregated at lower part of stems, glabrous or hairy		(34)
34 (33)	Cauline leaves linear or linear-elliptic, less than 5 mm wide; calyx lobes subulate, 3-4 mm; corolla 10-13 mm.		23 A. stenophylla
+	Cauline leaves wider; calyx lobes mostly larger; corolla mostly longer		(35)
35 (34)	Flowers solitary and terminal, or several in a pseudoraceme, very occasionally in a narrow panicle; corolla 2-3.4 cm, narrowly campanulate.		24 A. elata
+	Flowers several to numerous, in a pseudoraceme or panicle; corolla rarely (except in A. morrisonensis) more than 2.4 cm, campanulate or broadly campanulate		(36)
36 (35)	Leaves mostly glabrous; stems mostly glabrous, or puberulent		(37)
+	Leaves ± hairy; stems usually hairy		(40)
37 (36)	Calyx lobes narrowly subulate, ca. 0.5 mm wide; style exserted 4-7 mm above corolla.		28 A. hubeiensis
+	Calyx lobes 1-2 mm wide; style included, or slightly exserted, less than 4 mm above corolla		(38)
38 (37)	Corolla 28-35 mm; disk less than 1 mm.		29 A. morrisonensis
+	Corolla much shorter; disk longer		(39)
39 (38)	Capsule ellipsoid or oblong, more than 3 mm in diam.; calyx lobes 5-7 mm.		8 A. liliifolia
+	Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 3 mm in diam.; calyx lobes 2-4(-6) mm.		30 A. ningxianica
40 (36)	Leaves mostly aggregated at lower half of stems, upper ones absent or much smaller; calyx lobes 5-20 mm, obviously toothed		(41)
+	Leaves evenly distributed; calyx lobes 3-7 mm		(42)
41 (40)	Calyx lobes 5-8(-10) mm, often gray; corolla lobed to middle or near middle; disk 0.5-1 mm.		26 A. jasionifolia
+	Calyx lobes 8-20 mm, green; corolla lobed to 1/3; disk 1.2-3.5 mm.		27 A. coelestis
42 (40)	Cauline leaves with 2 to several large teeth on each side, puberulent on both surfaces; disk 1.5-3 mm.		20 A. potaninii
+	Cauline leaves with numerous teeth, adaxially sparsely scaberulose, hispidulous, or glabrous, abaxially hirsute or hispidulous; disk less than 1.4 mm		(43)
43 (42)	Cauline leaves narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, 0.5-2.5 cm; style mostly as long as corolla.		18 A. amurica
+	Cauline leaves ovate, 1.5-6.5 cm; style ± exserted.		25 A. khasiana