Annuals; culm slightly compressed, base geniculate and usually rooting. Blade 6-20 cm long, 3-8
mm wide; sheath keeled, overlapping at base; ligule a ring of hairs, ca. 1 mm long. Inflorescence a single
raceme, 3-10 cm long; axis scabrous. Spikelets 3-6, lanceolate, acuminate, 4.5-7 mm long, enclosed
in a spiny bur; lower glume narrow, 1-veined, ca. 2.5 mm long; upper glume 2/3-3/4 as long as subequal
lower and upper lemma; anther ca. 2.8 mm long. Bur truncate at base, body 4-7 mm high, as broad or
broader, pubescent, outer bristles slender, usually less numerous, inner bristles stout, usually broadened
at base and equaling lobes of body or shorter, lobes of body 10, often pilose, erect or bent inwards.
Tropical America, but naturalized in many warmer regions of the world. Taiwan, in sandy places.
TAIPEI: Chinshan, Kuoh 1443; Fulung, Hsu 890. MIAOLI: Lungkan, Chuang 2588. YUNLIN: Huwei, Hsu
677. TAINAN: Tainan, Hsu 710. KAOHSIUNG: Kaohsiung, Hsu 292. PENGHU: Pneghu, Hsu 672. PINGTUNG:
Kenting, Hsu 520. TAITUNG: Taitung, Kao 2527; Lanyu Is., Sasaki s. n.
leaf surface 表面: (fla)flat surface
sclerenchyma 厚壁組織: (noscl)no except large vein
chlorenchyma 葉綠組織: (radia)cells radiate and lesser than bundle sheath cell in width
bundle sheath 維管束鞘: (sk)single bundle sheath with conspicuous chloroplast
buliform cells well developed 泡狀細胞發達: mainly appear in adaxial side
with small vein under buliform cells泡狀細胞下有小脈: (fansh)bulliform set shell-shaped or fan -shaped
chlorenchyma cell number between two adjacent veins: 2
chloroplast form in bundle sheath 束鞘細胞內之葉綠體型式: (out)large amount and in centrifugal site
mestome sheath 內束鞘細胞: (Xyms -)metaxylem pole adjacent with outer bundle sheath
distance between two adjancent vein 脈間距: 85 micrometer
length/weidth ratio of bundle sheath in LS 束鞘細胞縱面長寬比: 2
chlorenchyma cell shape in LS 葉綠細胞縱面形狀: lobed
