| 1 |
Dwarf shrubs procumbent, creeping, or cushion-shaped, usually less than 30(-50) cm tall. |
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(2) |
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Shrubs or trees erect,usually more than 30(-50) cm tall. |
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(8) |
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| 2 (1) |
Young leaves, young shoots, and flowers white woolly |
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31 Sect. Subviminales |
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Young leaves, young shoots, and flowers not white woolly. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Bracts 2-colored, distal 1/2 dark brown or brown, proximal 1/2 lighter in color. |
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(4) |
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Bracts uniformly colored, yellowish green or apically pinkish, brownish in dried specimens. |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Petiole ca. 1/4 as long as leaf blade or longer |
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20 Sect. Diplodictyae |
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Petiole less than 1/4 as long as leaf blade |
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21 Sect. Myrtosalix |
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| 5 (3) |
Ovary long stipitate, stipe longer than gland to nearly as long as bracts; style short or absent |
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7 Sect. Fulvopubescentes |
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Ovary shortly stipitate, stipe shorter than gland to subsessile or, if distinctly stipitate, then style conspicuous or elongate. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Dwarf shrubs erect or ascending, to 30 cm tall |
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10 Sect. Floccosae |
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Shrubs creeping or cushion-shaped. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Young leaf blade broadly elliptic or broadly oblong to orbicular (if long obovate or oblanceolate-obovate, then style to 1 mm: |
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23 Sect. Arbuscella |
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Young leaf blade usually elliptic to lanceolate, apex often acute, lateral veins pinnate; petiole prominently elongate |
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11 Sect. Lindleyanae |
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| 8 (1) |
Ovary long stipitate. |
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(9) |
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Ovary sessile or very shortly stipitate. |
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(32) |
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| 9 (8) |
Style absent or indistinct (usually less than 0.5 mm). |
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(10) |
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Style conspicuous or usually more than 0.5 mm, lobed or entire. |
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(19) |
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| 10 (9) |
Adaxial gland falcate or broad, usually semiclasping stipe. |
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(11) |
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Adaxial gland not horseshoe-shaped, not clasping stipe. |
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(12) |
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| 11 (10) |
Flowering catkin more than 6 cm; fruiting catkin to 13 cm; rachis and bracts often densely grayish white pubescent or woolly at anthesis; young leaf blade lanceolate, 5-6 cm |
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1 Sect. Tetraspermae |
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Flowering catkin less than 6 cm; fruiting catkin to 8(-9) cm; rachis and bracts neither grayish white pubescent nor woolly at anthesis; young leaf blade variably shaped, 2-3 cm |
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3 Wilsonia |
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| 12 (10) |
Bracts yellowish green, brown after drying. |
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(13) |
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Bracts 2-colored, distal part brown to black. |
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(16) |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaves pilose at anthesis |
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7 Sect. Fulvopubescentes |
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Leaves glabrous at anthesis. |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Juvenile leaf blade linear |
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36 Helix |
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Juvenile leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Bracts ca. as long as to longer than stipes |
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5 Sect. Amygdalinae |
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Bracts shorter than stipes |
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3 Wilsonia |
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| 16 (12) |
Juvenile branchlets more than 2 mm in diam.; plants more than 1 m tall, not growing in marshes. |
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(17) |
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Juvenile branchlets slender, less than 1.5 mm in diam.; plants usually ca. 60 cm tall, growing in marshes. |
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(18) |
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| 17 (16) |
Ovary ovoid |
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18 Sect. Chamaetia |
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Ovary conical |
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24 Vetrix |
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| 18 (16) |
Ovary and branchlets pilose |
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29 Sect. Incubaceae |
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Ovary and branchlets glabrous |
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17 Sect. Myrtilloides |
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| 19 (9) |
Flowering catkin long and slender, pendulous |
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2 Sect. Urbanianae |
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Flowering catkin not pendulous, fruiting catkin sometimes recurved. |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Catkin subsessile or with slightly lengthened peduncle in fruit, basally with 2 or 3 scalelike leaflets (longest to 1 cm) or not. |
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(21) |
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Catkin pedunculate, usually with (1 or)2 or 3 leaflets (more than 1 cm) that are rarely deciduous when capsule matures. |
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(25) |
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| 21 (20) |
Style ca. as long as ovary |
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26 Sect. Daphnella |
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Style much shorter than ovary. |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Ovary glabrous |
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22 Sect. Hastatae |
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Ovary pilose. |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Ovary conical to linear-conical; capsule linear-conical, valves revolute when dried |
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24 Vetrix |
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Ovary ovoid or narrowly ovoid; capsule sometimes ovoid-conical, valves curved outward when dried, not revolute. |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Catkin oblong to shortly cylindric, 3-4(-5) × as long as thick |
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28 Vimen |
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Catkin cylindric, more than 4 × as long as thick |
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15 Sect. Heterochromae |
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| 25 (20) |
Bracts usually yellowish green, brownish when dried. |
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(26) |
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Bracts dull brown to black distally. |
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(29) |
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| 26 (25) |
Young leaf blade more than 4 cm at anthesis; fruiting catkin to more than 10 cm |
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8 Sect. Magnificae |
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Young leaf blade very small at anthesis; fruiting catkin usually less than 10 cm. |
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(27) |
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| 27 (26) |
Ovary pilose; catkin more than 6 mm thick |
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15 Sect. Heterochromae |
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Ovary glabrous, or slightly pilose basally or adaxially; catkin 2-4(-6) mm thick. |
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(28) |
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| 28 (27) |
Bracts ca. as long as stipes |
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10 Sect. Floccosae |
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Bracts much longer than stipes |
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9 Sect. Denticulatae |
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| 29 (25) |
Ovary pilose. |
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(30) |
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Ovary glabrous. |
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(31) |
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| 30 (29) |
Bracts ca. 1 mm; ovary ca. 2 mm; young leaf blade oblanceolate |
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23 Sect. Arbuscella |
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Bracts more than 2 mm; ovary ca. 4 mm; young leaf blade obovate |
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19 Sect. Glaucae |
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| 31 (29) |
Young leaf blade entire at margin; style more 1 mm |
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25 Sect. Lanatae |
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Young leaf blade serrulate at margin; style less than 1 mm, or subsessile |
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22 Sect. Hastatae |
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| 32 (8) |
Catkin terminal; plant usually 30-50(-100) cm tall |
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10 Sect. Floccosae |
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Catkin lateral, rarely terminal; plant often more than 1 m tall. |
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(33) |
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| 33 (32) |
Adaxial gland narrowly oblong to linear, more than 0.5 mm. |
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(34) |
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Adaxial gland less than 0.5 mm, not linear, proximal part usually broad and thick. |
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(40) |
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| 34 (33) |
Ovary glabrous |
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12 Sect. Sclerophyllae |
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Ovary pilose. |
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(35) |
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| 35 (34) |
Bracts 2-colored, proximal part light colored, distal part dull brown to black. |
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(36) |
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Bracts uniformly colored, yellowish green, brown in dried specimens. |
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(37) |
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| 36 (35) |
Catkin short and thick, more than 1 cm thick; young leaf blade obovate-oblong to broadly elliptic |
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31 Sect. Subviminales |
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Catkin somewhat slender, usually less than 1 cm thick; young leaf blade usually linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate |
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28 Vimen |
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| 37 (35) |
Bracts pilose only basally |
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34 Sect. Cheilophilae |
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Bracts with long hairs. |
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(38) |
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| 38 (37) |
Style very short or almost absent; young leaf blade obovate-oblong |
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33 Sect. Variegatae |
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Style conspicuous; young leaf blade elliptic or ovate. |
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(39) |
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| 39 (38) |
Ovary sessile; young leaf blade dentate at margin |
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30 Sect. Sieboldianae |
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Ovary shortly stipitate; young leaf blade entire at margin |
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15 Sect. Heterochromae |
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| 40 (33) |
Catkin ellipsoid, oblong, or shortly cylindric (sometimes cylindric in Salixalba in |
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6 Sect. Salix |
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Catkin cylindric, more than 5 × as long as thick or, if shorter, then long pedunculate. |
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(52) |
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| 41 |
Catkin without leaflets, rarely with scalelike leaflets. |
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(42) |
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Catkin with leaflets at base. |
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(46) |
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| 42 (41) |
Young leaf blade 1.5-3 × as long as wide. |
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(43) |
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Young leaf blade 4-10 × as long as wide. |
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(44) |
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| 43 (42) |
Bracts yellowish green, brown when dried |
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15 Sect. Heterochromae |
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Bracts dull brown to black distally |
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31 Sect. Subviminales |
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| 44 (42) |
Ovary glabrous; plants growing on sand dunes |
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37 Sect. Flavidae |
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Ovary pilose or glabrous; plants not growing on sand dunes. |
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(45) |
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| 45 (44) |
Young branchlets and leaves glabrous |
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36 Helix |
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Young branchlets and leaves usually tomentose |
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35 Sect. Haoanae |
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| 46 (41) |
Ovary and capsule to 9 mm; young leaves extremely viscid, margin prominently regularly glandular serrulate |
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4 Sect. Pentandrae |
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Ovary and capsule usually less than 5 mm; young leaves not viscid, margin inconspicuously glandular dentate or entire. |
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(47) |
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| 47 (46) |
Leaves grayish blue or grayish green or, if green, then opposite or subopposite. |
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(48) |
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Leaves not grayish blue or grayish green, alternate. |
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(49) |
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| 48 (47) |
Leaves grayish blue, opposite and subopposite |
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32 Sect. Caesiae |
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Leaves grayish green, alternate |
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19 Sect. Glaucae |
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| 49 (47) |
Style usually 0.5-1.5 mm, entir. |
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(50) |
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Style usually less than 0.5(-6) mm, rarely longer, lobed. |
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(51) |
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| 50 (49) |
Bracts uniformly colored |
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23 Sect. Arbuscella |
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Bracts 2-colored |
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29 Sect. Incubaceae |
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| 51 (49) |
Branchlets long; young leaf blade oblanceolate, lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic; trees |
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6 Sect. Salix |
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Branchlets short; young leaf blade elliptic to orbicular, rarely lanceolate; shrubs |
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12 Sect. Sclerophyllae |
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| 52 (40) |
Style more than ca. 0.6 mm or more than 1 mm, divided; ovary pilose or, if glabrous, then leaves very large at beginning of anthesis or style shallowly lobed or not. |
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(53) |
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Style less than 1 mm or, if longer, then catkins subopposite or ovary glabrous. |
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(58) |
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| 53 (52) |
Style divided to 2-cleft, rarely shallowly lobed. |
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(54) |
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Style very shallowly lobed or not. |
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(55) |
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| 54 (53) |
Ovary pilose |
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13 Sect. Psilostigmatae |
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Ovary glabrous |
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9 Sect. Denticulatae |
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| 55 (53) |
Ovary glabrous |
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25 Sect. Lanatae |
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Ovary pilose. |
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(56) |
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| 56 (55) |
Young leaves densely silky or tomentose abaxially |
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27 Sect. Argyraceae |
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Young leaves glabrous or sparsely pilose. |
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(57) |
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| 57 (56) |
Bracts long hairy |
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23 Sect. Arbuscella |
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Bracts shortly hairy |
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20 Sect. Diplodictyae |
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| 58 (52) |
Young leaf blade more than 4 cm, margin not revolute at anthesis |
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8 Sect. Magnificae |
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Young leaf blade very small or absent or, if to 4 cm, then margin revolute at anthesis. |
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(59) |
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| 59 (58) |
Style entire or absent; catkin usually sessile, rarely pedunculate. |
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(60) |
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Style completely divided to shallowly lobed, rarely entire; catkin pedunculate. |
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(61) |
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| 60 (59) |
Young branchlets and leaves glabrous or subglabrous |
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36 Helix |
| + |
Young branchlets and leaves pilose |
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35 Sect. Haoanae |
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| 61 (59) |
Ovary glabrous, or sparsely pilose, subglabrous, or pilose only at base |
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9 Sect. Denticulatae |
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Ovary pilose. |
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(62) |
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| 62 (61) |
Bracts lanceolate or oblong-obovate |
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23 Sect. Arbuscella |
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Bracts neither lanceolate nor oblong-obovate. |
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(63) |
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| 63 (62) |
Leaflets on peduncle nearly all deciduous when capsule matures |
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15 Sect. Heterochromae |
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Leaflets on peduncle not deciduous when capsule matures. |
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(64) |
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| 64 (63) |
Young leaves pubescent (at least on veins) abaxially |
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14 Sect. Eriocladae |
| + |
Young leaves densely silky abaxially or, if glabrous, then pruinose |
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13 Sect. Psilostigmatae |
