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Acanthaceae A. L. Jussieu
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habit
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woody plants, herbaceous plants
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important diagnostics
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spiny stems or leaves, cystoliths present
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hairs
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glandular, stellate, 2-armed or T-shaped, non-glandular, branched
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distribution
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African, Asian, Australian and Oceanian, European, North American, South American
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leaf: position
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opposite or verticillate
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leaf: nature
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not compound
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leaf: venation
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pinnate or hardly visible in leaves or leaflets.
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margin
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with entire margin, lobed or divided, dentate
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leaf: epidermis
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epidermis of leaf papillose
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leaf: glands/ligule
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with pellucid or glandular dots or lines
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leaf: stipules
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absent
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inflorescence
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spike, simple, sympodial, compound, sympodial or monopodial
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flower: sexuality
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bisexual
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flower: symmetry
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zygomorphic or irregular
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flower: receptacle
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small
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flower: disc
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present
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flower: perianth number
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5, 7+
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flower: perianth nature
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perianth of similar segments, perianth of calyx and corolla
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flower: sepal number
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0, 3, 4, 5
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flower: sepal position
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all free from one another, connate
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flower: sepal nature
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sepals imbricate or contorted, sepals valvate
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flower: petal number
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5
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flower: petal position
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petals connate, petals imbricate
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flower: petal nature
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petals contorted
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stamen: number
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2, 4, 5
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stamen: anthers
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dorsifixed or ventrifixed, basifixed, introrse, extrorse, opening by longitudinal slits, 1-locular at anthesis
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stamen: filaments
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inserted on the corolla, not connate, connate into separate bundles
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stamen: other characters
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anthers with a conspicuous appendage, staminodia present
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pistil: style
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style 1, or styles more or less connate
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pistil: carpel
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2
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pistil: ovary
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2-locular
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pistil: ovule
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1 in each loculus, 2 in each loculus, 3+ in each loculus
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pistil
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ovules parietal, carpels connate, ovules axile, carpels connate, ovules attached to the central axis or ventrally in apocarpae
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fruit: type
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a capsule, fleshy
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fruit: seed
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2 seeds, 3+ seeds
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seed: embryo
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straight
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seed: endosperm
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seeds without endosperm, seeds with endosperm
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