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Lamiaceae Lindley

唇形科 chun xing ke

Authors: Xi-wen Li & Ian C. Hedge

Lamiophlomis rotata

Credit: Harvard University Herbaria

Herbs, sometimes subshrubs or shrubs, annual or perennial, usually aromatic. Stems and branches usually 4-angled. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled or alternate, simple to pinnately dissected or compound, without stipules. Inflorescences generally compound, sometimes flowers solitary and axillary; verticillasters 2- to many flowered, subtended by leaves or bracts. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, rarely subactinomorphic, bracteolate or not. Calyx persistent, 5-toothed, 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed or entire (deciduous in Scutellaria); lower lip 2- or 4-toothed; tube sometimes hairy annulate inside. Corolla limb usually 2-lipped; upper lip 2-lobed and lower 3-lobed, rarely upper lip entire and lower 4-lobed, also rarely limb (4- or) 5-lobed; tube hairy annulate inside. Stamens epipetalous, 4 or 2, free, rarely filaments connate, sometimes one staminodial; anther 1- or 2-celled, usually dehiscing longitudinally; disc persistent. Ovary superior, 2-celled and each cell 2-ovuled and style subterminal, or ovary 4-parted and each lobe 1-ovuled and style gynobasic (from bases of ovary lobes) with 2-cleft apex. Fruit usually 4 dry nutlets. Seeds with or without endosperm.

Approximately 3500 species in 220 genera, distributed worldwide, but mostly in the Mediterranean region and SW Asia. China has 807 species in 96 genera.

Cantino (Taxon 40: 441. 1991) suggests that Cardioteucris cordifolia C. Y. Wu, originally placed in the Lamiaceae, is identical with Caryopteris siccanea W. Smith (Verbenaceae, q.v.). Although the original author agrees with the identity of Cardioteucris cordifolia and Cardiopteris siccaneae, he believes that the generic placement of Cardioteucris is in the Lamiaceae because of its 2-lipped calyx and deeply 4-divided ovary. The last feature is aberrant in Caryopteris and all other Verbenaceae.

Wu Cheng-yih & Li Hsi-wen, eds. 1977. Labiatae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 65(2): 1-649, 66: 1-647.


Key_start

1 Style arising above base of ovary; nutlets with a large and obvious areole more than half nutlet axis length; corolla 1-lipped (i.e., all lobes of corolla forming a single lower lip) or ± so (i.e., upper lip of corolla poorly developed), rarely 2-lipped or flowers subactinomorphic.   (2)
+ Style inserted at base of ovary; nutlets with a small, rarely large areole; corolla 2-lipped.   (3)
       
2 (1) Leaves alternate; calyx 19-veined; nutlets flattened dorsi-adaxially, tuberculate; flowers spirally arranged in racemes   8 Wenchengia
+ Leaves opposite; calyx generally 10- or fewer veined; nutlets ± corrugate; flowers in cymes or verticillasters   Key 1 (see List of Keys below)
       
3 (1) Nutlets drupelike, with a succulent, thick exocarp and crusty endocarp; calyx equally 5-toothed.   (4)
+ Nutlets dry, with a dry, thin exocarp; calyx equally 5-dentate or not.   (5)
       
4 (3) Perennial herbs or shrubs, stellate tomentose; anther cells elongated, parallel, transverse   9 Gomphostemma
+ Herbs without stellate hairs; anthers ± globose, cells adnate at abaxial side and forming a sac   10 Bostrychanthera
       
5 (3) Fruiting calyx 2-lipped, upper lip generally with a scutellum, deciduous, lower lip generally persistent; ovary stipitate; seeds ± transverse; embryo with a curved radicle   11 Scutellaria
+ Fruiting calyx other than above; ovary generally not stipitate; seeds erect; embryo with a short, straight radicle.   (6)
       
6 (5) Lobes of disc opposite ovary lobes; nutlets with a basal-dorsal attachment scar   12 Lavandula
+ Lobes of disc alternate with ovary lobes; nutlets with a small basal attachment scar.   (7)
       
7 (6) Stamens ascending under upper corolla lip or spreading or projected   Key 2 (see List of Keys below)
+ Stamens declinate, lying along or included in lower lip of corolla   Key 8 (see List of Keys below)

List of Keys

  • List of lower taxa


     

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