|
7. Eschscholzia Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol. 73. 1820 - [For Johann F. G. von Eschscholtz,. 1793.
[For Johann F. G. von Eschscholtz, 1831, Estonian physician and biologist who traveled with Chamisso on the Romanzoff (or Kotzebue) Expedition to the Pacific Coast]
Curtis Clark
Herbs , annual or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots; sap colorless or clear orange. Stems leafy. Leaves alternate, basal and sometimes cauline, petiolate; blade 1-4× pinnately deeply lobed, lobes of each order usually 3; ultimate lobes narrow. Inflorescences terminal, cymose with bracts present, or 1-flowered. Flowers: receptacle dilated, forming cup beneath calyx, sometimes with free rim; perianth and androecium perigynous; sepals 2, connate, calyptrate, deciduous as unit; petals 4, rarely more (doubled flowers), obovate to obcuneate, with satin sheen from microscopic linear grooves; stamens 12-many; pistil 2-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; style absent; stigmas 4-8, spreading, linear. Fruits capsular, cylindric, 2-valved, dehiscing from base along placentas, often explosively. Seeds many, tan, brown, or black, spheric to ovoid, reticulate, ridged and burlike, or pitted, aril absent. x = 6, 7.
Species 12 (10 in the flora): w North America (United States), nw Mexico.
Eschscholzia species are introduced from cultivation elsewhere in warm-temperate regions worldwide.
SELECTED REFERENCES Clark, C. and J. A. Jernstedt. 1978. Systematic studies of Eschscholzia (Papaveraceae). II. Seed coat microsculpturing. Syst. Bot. 3: 386-402. Ernst, W. R. 1964b. The genus Eschscholzia in the south Coast Ranges of California. Madroño 17: 281-294. Greene, E. L. 1905b. Revision of Eschscholtzia. Pittonia 5: 205-308. Lewis, H. and R. Snow. 1951. A cytotaxonomic approach to Eschscholzia. Madroño 11: 141-143.
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
Receptacular cup with spreading free rim. |
|
2 Eschscholzia californica |
| + |
Receptacular cup without spreading free rim. |
|
(2) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Plants scapose; ultimate leaf lobes acute; petals yellow; calyx glabrous. |
|
(3) |
| + |
Plants caulescent, with flowers borne on leafy stems (not readily apparent in young plants); ultimate leaf lobes acute or obtuse; petals yellow or orange; calyx glabrous or pubescent. |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Seeds burlike with raised ridges; petals 12 mm or shorter; California (Great Central Valley, Sierra Nevada foothills). |
|
6 Eschscholzia lobbii |
| + |
Seeds minutely pitted, not burlike; petals usually 12 mm or longer; California, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah (Mojave and Sonoran deserts). |
|
3 Eschscholzia glyptosperma |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (2) |
Calyx pubescent; buds nodding; leaf blades sparsely pubescent. |
|
(5) |
| + |
Calyx glabrous; buds nodding or erect; leaf blades essentially glabrous, never consistently pubescent. |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Petals orange or deep yellow throughout, 15–40 mm; receptacles broader than 1.5 mm. |
|
5 Eschscholzia lemmonii |
| + |
Petals yellow, sometimes with orange spot at base, 10–20 mm; receptacles narrower than 1.5 mm. |
|
4 Eschscholzia hypecoides |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (4) |
Older buds nodding. |
|
(7) |
| + |
Older buds erect. |
|
(8) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Leaf blades bright green or yellow-green, terminal lobes slender, acute. |
|
8 Eschscholzia parishii |
| + |
Leaf blades grayish or bluish green, terminal lobes broadened at apex, usually obtuse. |
|
7 Eschscholzia minutiflora |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (6) |
Receptacle somewhat swollen and translucent distally, usually broader than 2 mm. |
|
(9) |
| + |
Receptacle strictly obconic, not translucent distally, narrower than 2.5 mm. |
|
(10) |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (8) |
Petals (15–)20 mm or more, orange or deep yellow; California (Kern County). |
|
5 Eschscholzia lemmonii |
| + |
Petals 15 mm or less, yellow; inland California Coast Ranges. |
|
10 Eschscholzia rhombipetala |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (8) |
Flower buds blunt or rounded short-acuminate, tip less than 1/4 length of bud; ultimate leaf lobes elongate, giving diffuse appearance; California Channel Islands. |
|
9 Eschscholzia ramosa |
| + |
Flower buds apiculate-acuminate, tip usually more than 1/4 length of bud; ultimate leaf lobes short, giving compact appearance; California and Oregon mainland foothills. |
|
1 Eschscholzia caespitosa |
|
|
|
List of lower taxa
| Related Links (opens in a new window) |
|
Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
Other Databases
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
