134. Glebionis Cassini in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2. 41: 41. 1826.
[Latin gleba, soil, and -ionis, characteristic of; allusion unclear, perhaps to agricultural association]
John L. Strother
Xantophtalmum Schultz-Bipontinus
Annuals, 10–30(–80+) cm. Stems usually 1, erect to ascending, usually branched distally, glabrous. Leaves mostly cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades obovate to oblong (bases sometimes ± clasping), usually 1–3-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins usually dentate, rarely entire, faces glabrous. Heads radiate, borne singly or in 2s or 3s. Involucres ± hemispheric or broader, 15–25+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 25–60+ in 3–4 series, distinct, ovate or obovate to lance-deltate or lanceolate (not carinate, usually each with a resin canal), margins and apices (colorless or stramineous to pale brown) scarious (tips of inner often ± dilated). Receptacles convex to hemispheric, epaleate. Ray florets 10–21+, pistillate, fertile; corollas mostly yellow, sometimes paler distally, laminae linear, oblong, or ovate. Disc florets 60–150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas ± yellow, tubes ± cylindric (basally ± dilated, ± gland-dotted), throats funnelform, lobes 5, narrowly deltate (each with a resin sac). Cypselae dimorphic: outer (ray) 3-angled (each angle ± winged, wings not spine-tipped); inner (disc) compressed-prismatic to columnar (adaxial, rarely abaxial, angles sometimes ± winged, wings not spine-tipped); ribs usually 10, faces glabrous, sometimes gland-dotted between ribs (pericarps without myxogenic cells or resin sacs; embryo sac development monosporic); pappi 0. x = 9.
Species 2 (2 in the flora): introduced; Eurasia (especially Mediterranean and Macaronesia) and northern Africa (widely cultivated and adventive).
