1 |
Pinnae entire or merely serrate; veins regularly united in pairs to form parallel rows of more than 5 areoles between costa and pinna margin, areoles each with single excurrent, usually free veinlet (subg. Meniscium). |
|
(2) |
+ |
Pinnae shallowly to deeply lobed; veins free, connivent at sinuses, or 1-2 pairs between primary veins uniting to form common vein extending to sinus. |
|
(3) |
|
|
|
|
2 (1) |
Pinna margins hooked-serrate. ….. 21. Thelypteris serrata |
|
21 Thelypteris serrata |
+ |
Pinna margins entire to undulate or crenulate. ….. 20. Thelypteris reticulata |
|
20 Thelypteris reticulata |
|
|
|
|
3 (1) |
Stellate and/or forked hairs present, especially on scales at apex of stems, on rachises, especially in adaxial grooves, and often on other parts of blades (subg. Goniopteris). |
|
(4) |
+ |
Stellate or forked hairs absent. |
|
(6) |
|
|
|
|
4 (3) |
Blades mostly 15-25 cm wide, proximal pinnae not reduced, blade abruptly narrowed distally, apical pinna similar to lateral pinnae; pinnae usually 6-8 pairs. ….. 19. Thelypteris tetragona |
|
19 Thelypteris tetragona |
+ |
Blades mostly 2-8(-10) cm wide, with or without reduced proximal pinnae, blade gradually narrowed distally to pinnatifid apex, apical pinna not similar to lateral pinnae; pinnae 6-25(-30) pairs. |
|
(5) |
|
|
|
|
5 (4) |
Pinnae with acute lobes; blade hairs subsessile, stellate; blades erect, not rooting at apex. ….. 18. Thelypteris sclerophylla |
|
18 Thelypteris sclerophylla |
+ |
Pinnae entire or with shallow, rounded lobes; blade hairs stalked, stellate, mixed with needlelike hairs; blades commonly arching or pendent and rooting at apex. ….. 17. Thelypteris reptans |
|
17 Thelypteris reptans |
|
|
|
|
6 (3) |
Sori elongate; sporangia minutely hairy (subg. Stegnogramma). ….. 16. Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis |
|
16 Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis |
+ |
Sori round or slightly oblong; sporangia glabrous. |
|
(7) |
|
|
|
|
7 (6) |
Blades with all veins extending to margin above sinus; proximal pinnae greatly reduced or not. |
|
(8) |
+ |
Blades with at least some basal veins extending to, connivent at, or united below sinus; proximal pinnae usually not reduced (subg. Cyclosorus), or if reduced, then veins united below sinus. |
|
(13) |
|
|
|
|
8 (7) |
Proximal pinnae not reduced or only slightly so, not much shorter than middle pinnae. |
|
(9) |
+ |
Proximal pinnae greatly reduced, much shorter than middle pinnae. |
|
(10) |
|
|
|
|
9 (8) |
Segment veins often forked; blades lacking glands; abaxial surface of costae with tan, ovate scales (subg. Thelypteris). ….. 6a. Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens |
|
6 Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens |
+ |
Segment veins not forked; blades bearing sessile glands abaxially; costae lacking scales (subg. Parathelypteris). ….. 3. Thelypteris simulata |
|
3 Thelypteris simulata |
|
|
|
|
10 (8) |
Petioles (and often rachises and costae) with persistent tan to straw-colored, linear-lanceolate scales abaxially (subg. Lastrea). ….. 5. Thelypteris quelpaertensis |
|
5 Thelypteris quelpaertensis |
+ |
Petioles persistently scaly only toward base, rachises and costae lacking scales abaxially. |
|
(11) |
|
|
|
|
11 (10) |
Stems erect, trunklike with age; leaves evergreen; blades abaxially with dense reddish, hemispheric, sessile glands (subg. Amauropelta). ….. 4. Thelypteris resinifera |
|
4 Thelypteris resinifera |
+ |
Stems creeping (apices sometimes upturned with leaves clustered); leaves dying back in winter; blades glandular or not abaxially (subg. Parathelypteris). |
|
(12) |
|
|
|
|
12 (11) |
Costae conspicuously hairy abaxially, hairs ca. 1 mm; blades abaxially lacking glands or with sparse, mostly sessile glands. ….. 2. Thelypteris noveboracensis |
|
2 Thelypteris noveboracensis |
+ |
Costae glabrous or sparsely hairy abaxially, hairs 0.2-0.7 mm; blades abaxially with numerous yellow to orange, mostly short-stipitate glands. ….. 1. Thelypteris nevadensis |
|
1 Thelypteris nevadensis |
|
|
|
|
13 (7) |
Basal veins of adjacent segments united below sinus, excurrent vein leading toward sinus. |
|
(14) |
+ |
Basal veins of adjacent segments free, or connivent at sinuses. |
|
(16) |
|
|
|
|
14 (13) |
Stems long-creeping; costae with tan ovate scales abaxially; veins, costules, and costae adaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy with hairs less than 0.2 mm. ….. 15. Thelypteris interrupta |
|
15 Thelypteris interrupta |
+ |
Stems short-creeping or suberect; costae without scales abaxially; veins, costules, and costae moderately to rather densely hairy adaxially with hairs greater than 0.3 mm. |
|
(15) |
|
|
|
|
15 (14) |
Costae with predominantly short hairs uniform in length (less than 0.2 mm and often less than 0.1 mm) on abaxial surface; excurrent veins mostly greater than 2 mm; petioles purplish; leaves with usually more than 2 pairs of greatly reduced proximal pinnae. ….. 14. Thelypteris dentata |
|
14 Thelypteris dentata |
+ |
Costae with most hairs greater than 0.3 mm (some exceeding 0.5 mm) on abaxial surface, hairs not uniform; excurrent veins less than 2 mm; petioles straw-colored; leaves with 0-2 pairs of slightly reduced proximal pinnae. ….. 13a. Thelypteris hispidula var. versicolor |
|
13 Thelypteris hispidula var. versicolor |
|
|
|
|
16 (13) |
Stems suberect to erect; scales at base of petioles ovate, glabrous. ….. 11a. Thelypteris patens var. patens |
|
11 Thelypteris patens var. patens |
+ |
Stems long- to short-creeping; scales at base of petioles lanceolate, usually hairy. |
|
(17) |
|
|
|
|
17 (16) |
Costules and veins adaxially with at least a few rather stout hairs mostly longer than 0.3 mm; blades adaxially often rather glandular; scales absent on abaxial surface of rachises and costae of mature leaves. |
|
(18) |
+ |
Costules and veins adaxially glabrous; blades adaxially lacking glands; a few scales often persistent on rachises and/or costae abaxially. |
|
(19) |
|
|
|
|
18 (17) |
Proximal pinnae (1-2 pairs) somewhat reduced; stems short-creeping, sometimes appearing suberect; venation variable, even on same leaf, veins united and giving rise to short-excurrent vein or veins connivent at sinus; blades adaxially often somewhat hairy; veins adaxially always with stout hairs, many longer than 0.4 mm. ….. 13a. Thelypteris hispidula var. versicolor |
|
13 Thelypteris hispidula var. versicolor |
+ |
Proximal pinnae usually not at all reduced; stems short- to long-creeping; veins connivent at sinus or distal vein of each pair meeting margin slightly above sinus; blades glabrous or sparsely hairy adaxially; veins adaxially with or without stout hairs. ….. 12. Thelypteris kunthii |
|
12 Thelypteris kunthii |
|
|
|
|
19 (17) |
Apical portion of blades somewhat similar to lateral pinnae; pinnae less than 2 cm wide. ….. 7. Thelypteris augescens |
|
7 Thelypteris augescens |
+ |
Apical portion of blades ± attenuated, different from lateral pinnae; pinnae 0.8-4.8 cm wide. |
|
(20) |
|
|
|
|
20 (19) |
Basal segments of pinnae near base of blade slightly elongate and parallel to rachis; costae abaxially lacking scales or scales sparse. ….. 9. Thelypteris ovata |
|
9 Thelypteris ovata |
+ |
Basal segments of pinnae near base of blade not elongate and not parallel to rachis, or only those facing apex of rachis elongate and enlarged; costae abaxially bearing few to many scales. |
|
(21) |
|
|
|
|
21 (20) |
Pinnae more than 2 cm wide; costae abaxially with hairs ca. 0.1 mm. ….. 8a. Thelypteris grandis var. grandis |
|
8 Thelypteris grandis var. grandis |
+ |
Pinnae less than 2 cm wide; costae abaxially with hairs at least 0.2 mm. ….. 10a. Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis |
|
Thelypteris puberula var. sonorensis |