1	Shrubs; leaf lobe margins entire; achenes hirsute.		16 Dasiphora, p. xx
+	Herbs, perennial, sometimes annual or biennial, or subshrubs; leaf lobe margins or apices ± toothed, sometimes entire; achenes glabrous (sometimes ± hairy)		(2)
2 (1)	Petals 0, sepals 4; achenes 1, enclosed in dry, urceolate or subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid hypanthia		(3)
+	Petals and sepals usually 5; achenes 1–260, usually aggregated (sometimes on elongating tori), usually in (± open) patelliform, cupulate, campanulate, or turbinate hypanthia (not enclosed in dry hypanthium)		(4)
3 (2)	Herbs perennial; leaves basal, blades reniform to orbiculate, palmately lobed, sometimes palmately compound; stamens 4.		20 Alchemilla, p. xx
+	Herbs annual; leaves cauline, blades cuneate, deeply divided into segments, each lobed; stamen 1(or 2).		21 Aphanes, p. xx
4 (2)	Leaves all or mostly basal or proximal (if cauline, deeply pinnatifid), ternate or 2–4-ternate (sometimes simple and coarsely toothed apically in Sibbaldia)		(5)
+	Leaves basal or cauline, the latter usually reduced distally, odd-pinnate to palmate, rarely ternate or ± bipinnate		(9)
5 (4)	Tori becoming red and fleshy in fruit; leaf margins serrate to crenate		(6)
+	Tori hemispheric (not enlarged or fleshy) in fruit or absent; leaf margins entire or (2–)3(–5)-toothed apically		(7)
6 (5)	Leaves ± doubly serrate or crenate; stolons leafy; inflorescences: flowers solitary, axillary at stolon nodes; petals yellow.		12 Duchesnea, p. xx
+	Leaves serrate to crenate; stolons not leafy; inflorescences 1–10-flowered, cymes, axillary from leaf rosettes; petals usually white.		13 Fragaria, p. xx
7 (5)	Leaves pinnately compound or simple and deeply pinnatifid, margins entire, stipules absent.		14 Chamaerhodos, p. xx
+	Leaves ternate, margins toothed apically, stipules persistent		(8)
8 (7)	Petals ± yellow; stamens 5.		17 Sibbaldia, p. xx
+	Petals usually white; stamens 20(–30).		18 Sibbaldiopsis, p. xx
9 (4)	Petals deep red to purple, rarely pink, shorter than sepals; tori enlarged and spongy at maturity; horizontal stems sometimes floating, wetland habitats.		19 Comarum, p. xx
+	Petals yellow to white, rarely pink or red (then equal to or longer than sepals); tori not enlarged and spongy at maturity; stems erect to decumbent, not horizontal or floating even if in wetlands		(10)
10 (9)	Anthers dehiscing by continuous marginal slit (with a single theca); styles sub-basal.		15 Drymocallis, p. xx
+	Anthers dehiscing longitudinally; styles subterminal to lateral		(11)
11 (10)	Hypanthium patelliform to campanulate or cupulate to turbinate (not flat-bottomed); filaments not forming tube; petals white to yellow, sometimes reddish or pink tinged		(12)
+	Hypanthium ± cupulate or bluntly campanulate and flat-bottomed; filaments forming tube; petals usually white, sometimes pink-tinged, rose-veined, or cream		(13)
12 (11)	Plants not aromatic; leaves ± cordate or reniform to narrowly elliptic in outline, leaflets 3–15(–41); petals oblanceolate or obovate to obcordate to nearly round, rarely elliptic; carpels 3–260.		8 Potentilla, p. xx
+	Plants often aromatic; leaves planar to cylindric, leaflets (3–)7–161; petals linear or narrowly oblanceolate to obovate, sometimes obcordate; carpels 1–20(–40).		9 Ivesia, p. xx
13 (11)	Stamens 10; leaflets (3–)5–41.		10 Horkelia, p. xx
+	Stamens 20; leaflets 30–70.		11 Horkeliella, p. xx