Inflorescences : racemes of chasmogamous flowers not greatly exceeding leaves, often short; petal spur ± globose at apex. Capsules often stout, commonly 10-15 mm. 2 n = 16.

Flowering mid-late spring. Bluffs, rocky hills, open woods, and river banks, often in disturbed soil; 0-600 m; Ark., Ill., Iowa, Kans., Minn., Mo., Nebr., N.C., Okla., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Wis.