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21. Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, Phytologia. 75: 84. 1993.
Rabbitbrush
Chrysocoma nauseosa Pallas ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 517. 1813; Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton
Plants 10–250 cm. Stems erect or ascending to spreading, white to green, fastigiately branched, tomentose. Leaves (usually crowded) usually ascending to spreading; blades filiform to narrowly oblanceolate (mostly adaxially sulcate to concave), 10–70 × 0.3–10 mm, midnerves mostly evident, apices acute, faces glabrous or tomentose, often gland-dotted (lacking well-defined circular pits) ; axillary fascicles absent. Heads in rounded to flat-topped, cymiform arrays (to 12 cm wide). Peduncles 1–20 mm (bracts usually 0, sometimes 1–5, reduced, scalelike). Involucres obconic to subcylindric, 6–16 × 2–4 mm. Phyllaries 10–31 in 3–5 series (often in vertical ranks), tan, ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–14 × 0.7–1.5 mm, strongly unequal, mostly chartaceous (mostly keeled), midnerves raised for nearly entire lengths, expanded apically, apices acute to obtuse, abaxial faces resinous. Ray florets 0. Disc florets (4–)5(–6); corollas 6–12 mm. Cypselae tan, turbinate to cylindric or oblanceoloid, 3–8 mm, glabrous or hairy (often ± pilose or sericeous); pappi whitish, 3–13 mm. 2n = 18.
Varieties 21 (21 in the flora): w North America, nw Mexico.
Ericameria nauseosa is widespread, often abundant, and complex. This treatment is based largely on that by L. C. Anderson (1986b). Uncertainty about the specimen used by Pursh to establish E. nauseosa (as Chrysocoma nauseosa) is a possible source of confusion concerning the application of that name (which is in current use) and of the name Chrysothamnus speciosus Nuttall (J. L. Reveal et al. 1999). Anderson divided the species into two informal groups, the "green forms" and the "gray forms." These two groups were formalized as subspp. nauseosa and consimilis by G. L. Nesom and G. I. Baird (1993), each containing varieties. Ericameria nauseosa is reported to hybridize with other species in the genus, and hybrid and formula names have been applied to them. Their synonymies were more fully summarized by Nesom and Baird. Ericameria ×bolanderi (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, based on Linosyris bolanderi A. Gray is the hybrid between E. discoidea and E. nauseosa (L. C. Anderson and J. L. Reveal 1966). Ericameria ×uintahensis (L. C. Anderson) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, "Uinta rubber rabbitbrush," based on Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. uintahensis L. C. Anderson, is the hybrid between E. nauseosa and E. parryi (L. C. Anderson 1984). Ericameria ×viscosa (D. D. Keck) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, based on Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. viscosus D. D. Keck, is the hybrid between E. cuneata and E. nauseosa (L. C. Anderson 1986b).
SELECTED REFERENCES Anderson, L. C. 1986b. Sympatric subspecies in Chrysothamnus nauseosus. In: E. D. McArthur and B. L. Welch, eds. 1986. Proceedings, Symposium on the Biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus, Provo, Utah, July 9–13, 1984. Ogden. Pp. 98–103. Ostler, W. K., C. M. McKell, and S. White. 1986. Chrysothamnus nauseosus: A potential source of natural rubber. In: E. D. Mc Arthur and B. L. Welch, eds. 1986. Proceedings, Symposium on the Biology of Artemisia and Chrysothamnus, Provo, Utah, July 9–13, 1984. Ogden. Pp. 389–395.
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| 1 |
Cypselae glabrous |
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(2) |
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Cypselae hairy (± pilose or sericeous, only distally in var. washoensis) |
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(11) |
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| 2 (1) |
Style appendages shorter than or equaling stigmatic portions |
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(3) |
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Style appendages longer than stigmatic portions |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Corolla lobes 1.5–2.5 mm |
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21o Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila (in part) |
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Corolla lobes 0.6–1.3 mm; Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico, Texas |
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21s Ericameria nauseosa var. texensis |
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| 4 (2) |
Corolla lobes villous |
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(5) |
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Corolla lobes glabrous |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Plants 60–150 cm; involucres 10–12.5 mm; inner phyllary apices acute to obtuse; sandy gravels of dry streambeds, c, ne Arizona, New Mexico, Utah |
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21n Ericameria nauseosa var. nitida (in part) |
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Plants 40–60 cm; involucres 11.2–16 mm; inner phyllary apices acute to short-acuminate; dunes and deep sands, nw Arizona, e Nevada, Utah |
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21t Ericameria nauseosa var. turbinata (in part) |
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| 6 (4) |
Phyllary abaxial faces (at least outer) tomentulose or scurfy-tomentulose |
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(7) |
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Phyllary abaxial faces usually glabrous (outer sometimes sparingly hairy in var. oreophila) |
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(8) |
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| 7 (6) |
Stems nearly leafless (at flowering); leaves 15–30 × 0.5–1 mm; phyllary apices acute to acuminate |
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21c Ericameria nauseosa var. bigelovii |
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Stems leafy; leaves 30–50 × 1–1.5 mm; phyllary apices acute (outer) to frequently obtuse (inner) |
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21n Ericameria nauseosa var. nitida (in part) |
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| 8 (6) |
Stems often leafless (at flowering); phyllary apices acute to obtuse; corolla lobes 0.5–1.1 mm |
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21j Ericameria nauseosa var. leiosperma |
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Stems usually leafy; phyllary apices acute, acuminate, or cuspidate; corolla lobes 1.3–2.5+ mm |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Plants 10–20 cm; involucres 12–16 mm; gypsiferous shale, Sevier County, Utah |
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21g Ericameria nauseosa var. iridis |
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Plants 25–250 cm; involucres 6.5–12.5 mm; w United States (not on highly gypsiferous soils) |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Corolla lobes 1.3–1.5 mm; leaves 1–2 mm wide; ec Utah |
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21p Ericameria nauseosa var. psilocarpa |
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Corolla lobes 1.5–2.5 mm; leaves 0.8–1 mm wide; w UnitedStates |
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21o Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila (in part) |
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| 11 (1) |
Style appendages usually shorter than stigmatic portions (equaling or shorter in var. lastisquamea, about equaling in var. oreophila) |
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(12) |
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Style appendages longer than stigmatic portions |
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(16) |
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| 12 (11) |
Corolla lobes 0.5–1 mm |
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(13) |
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Corolla lobes 1.5–2.5 mm |
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(14) |
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| 13 (12) |
Phyllaries tomentose; well-drained, gravelly or sandy slopes; c, w Arizona, s California, s Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, se Oregon, Utah |
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21f Ericameria nauseosa var. hololeuca |
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Outer phyllaries densely tomentulose, inner glabrous; dry streambeds and arroyos; se Arizona, New Mexico |
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21i Ericameria nauseosa var. latisquamea |
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| 14 (12) |
Phyllary apices recurved (s California) |
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21d Ericameria nauseosa var. ceruminosa |
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Phyllary apices erect |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Plants 10–30 cm; leaf blades 1–3 mm wide; Idaho, Oregon, Washington |
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21l Ericameria nauseosa var. nana |
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Plants 70–250 cm; leaf blades 0.8–1 wide; w United States |
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21o Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila (in part) |
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| 16 (11) |
Corolla lobes villous (sometimes sparsely) |
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(17) |
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Corolla lobes glabrous |
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(20) |
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| 17 (16) |
Cypselae distally pilose; corolla lobes 1.3–1.6 mm; ne California, adjacent Nevada |
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21u Ericameria nauseosa var. washoensis |
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Cypselae hairy throughout; corolla lobes 0.7–0.9 mm; Arizona, c, s Nevada, Utah |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Stems usually leafless (at flowering); co-rollas 7–8.5 mm |
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21h Ericameria nauseosa var. juncea |
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Stems at least moderately leafy; corollas 9.5–11.8 mm |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Leaf blades 30–50 mm, faces glabrate; inner phyllary apices acute to obtuse; corolla lobes glabrous or villous; northern Arizona, ne New Mexico,s Utah |
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21n Ericameria nauseosa var. nitida (in part) |
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Leaf blades 10–20 mm, faces tomentulose to densely tomentose; inner phyllary apices usually acute to acuminate; corolla lobes villous; e Nevada, Utah |
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21t Ericameria nauseosa var. turbinata (in part) |
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| 20 (16) |
Involucres 16–19 mm; phyllary apices ± re-curved |
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21a Ericameria nauseosa var. arenaria |
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Involucres 6–14.5 mm; phyllary apices erect |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Stems nearly leafless (at flowering; s California, s Nevada) |
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21k Ericameria nauseosa var. mohavensis |
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Stems leafy |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Leaf blades 3–5-nerved, 3–6(–10) mm wide (mountains, Utah, Cache to Sevier counties) |
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21q Ericameria nauseosa var. salicifolia |
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Leaf blades 1–3-nerved, 0.3–3 mm wide |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Phyllaries usually glabrous, outer sometimes sparsely hairy |
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(24) |
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Phyllaries usually hairy (at least outer, sometimes ± tomentose), rarely glabrous |
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(26) |
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| 24 (23) |
Corollas 10–12 mm; involucres 10–14 mm (s California) |
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21b Ericameria nauseosa var. bernardina (in part) |
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Corollas 6–9+ mm; involucres 6–10 mm |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Corolla lobes 0.6–1.5 mm; corolla tubes puberulent or glabrous; plains, Arizona, Utah, Wyoming eastward |
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21e Ericameria nauseosa var. graveolens |
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Corolla lobes 1.5–2.5 mm; corolla tubes glabrous; Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, w Wyoming |
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21o Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila (in part) |
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| 26 (23) |
Involucres 6–10 mm; corollas 6–9 mm |
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(27) |
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Involucres 7.5–14 mm; corollas 8.7–13 mm |
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(28) |
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| 27 (26) |
Corolla tubes usually puberulent, rarely arachnose; plains and hills, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming |
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21m Ericameria nauseosa var. nauseosa |
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Corolla tubes glabrous; Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, w Wyoming (mostly Great Basin) |
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21o Ericameria nauseosa var. oreophila (in part) |
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| 28 (26) |
Inner phyllary apices acute to obtuse; corolla lobes 0.7–1 mm (n Arizona, ne New Mexico, s Utah) |
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21n Ericameria nauseosa var. nitida (in part) |
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Inner phyllary apices acuminate to acute; corolla lobes 1.1–2.3 mm |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Stems yellowish green, becoming whitish, compactly tomentose; leaves yellowish green (s California) |
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21b Ericameria nauseosa var. bernardina (in part) |
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Stems whitish, loosely tomentose; leaves dark green to grayish white |
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21r Ericameria nauseosa var. speciosa |
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