8a. Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) D. R. Morgan & R. L. Hartman var. spinulosum
Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) de Candolle subsp. cotula (Small) H. M. Hall; H. texensis R. C. Jackson; Machaeranthera texensis (R. C. Jackson) Shinners; Sideranthus turbinellus Rydberg
Perennials, 10–40 cm, rarely woody at base. Stems spreading to sprawling, rarely stiffly erect, usually much branched in proximal 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 ; mid inter-nodes 2–5 mm. Leaves numerous, equally spaced, mostly spreading to loosely ascending, not much reduced distally, margins pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid, lobes linear to lanceolate, mostly 2–5 mm, faces usually hairy, rarely glabrous, usually stipitate-glandular. Heads 2–10+ in diffuse arrays. Peduncles relatively terminal and lateral, 0.5–2 cm. Involucres 8–12 mm wide. 2n = 8, 16.
Flowering spring–fall. Rocky to sandy plains and rolling hills, washes, roadsides; 300–1300 m; Alta., Man., Sask.; Ariz., Colo., Idaho, Iowa, Kans., Minn., Mont., Nebr., N.Mex., N.Dak., Okla., Utah, Wyo.; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas).
