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1. Oenothera cespitosa Nuttall, Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana. no. 53. 1813.
[F]
Pachylophus cespitosus (Nuttall) Raimann
Herbs perennial, acaulescent or caulescent, usually hirsute or villous, usually also glandular puberulent, or exclusively strigillose, rarely glabrous; from stout taproot, sometimes lateral roots producing adventitious shoots. Stems (when present), usually ascending or decumbent, unbranched or branched from near base, 0–40 cm. Leaves 1.7–26(–36) × (0.3–)0.5–4.5(–6.5) cm; petiole (0.2–)1.7–11(–14) cm; blade usually oblanceolate to rhombic or spatulate, rarely elliptic, obovate, lanceolate, or linear-oblanceolate, margins irregularly sinuate-dentate, serrate, pinnatifid, lobed, or subentire, apex usually acute to rounded, rarely acuminate. Flowers 1–4(–6) per stem opening per day near sunset, with moderate to strong sweet scent with a rubbery background scent; buds usually erect, rarely recurved (during early development); floral tube (20–)40–140(–165) mm; sepals (15–)18–45(–54) mm; petals white, fading rose or rose pink to dark or deep rose purple, or pink to pale or light rose, or lavender, obovate or obcordate, (16–)20–50(–60) mm; filaments (6–)10–30(–35) mm, anthers (6–)9–17(–20) mm; style (45–)60–180(–185) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. Capsules straight, curved, falcate, or sigmoid, usually cylindrical to lanceoloid or ellipsoid, sometimes ovoid, usually obtusely 4-angled, (10–)13–50(–68) × 4–9 mm, tapering to a sterile beak 6–8 mm, valve margins with rows of distinct tubercles to sinuate or nearly smooth ridges, dehiscent 1/3–7/8 their length; pedicel (0–)1–40(–55) mm. Seeds numerous in 1 or 2 rows per locule, usually obovoid, oblong, or triangular, rarely suborbicular, 2.1–3.9 × 1–2.6 mm, embryo 1/5–2/3 of seed volume, surface papillose, reticulate or rarely irregularly roughened; seed collar sealed by a thin membrane, this flat or depressed into raphial cavity, when depressed often splitting, becoming separated from seed collar. 2n = 14, 28.
Subspecies 5 (5 in the flora): w North America, nw Mexico.
Oenothera cespitosa occurs in a wide array of habitats, from grassland, desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, or Arizona chaparral to montane conifer forests, rarely at timberline, at elevations from (450–)800–3370 m. Oenothera cespitosa is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 1985; Wagner 2005). Pachylophus nuttallii Spach is an illegitimate name that pertains here.
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| 1 |
Plants glabrous. |
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(2) |
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Plants hirsute, villous, glandular puberulent, or strigillose. |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Floral tubes (28–)35–60(–85) mm; petals fading rose pink to dark rose purple; capsules falcate or sigmoid, valve margins tuberculate |
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1a Oenothera cespitosa subsp. cespitosa (in part) |
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Floral tubes (45–)75–110(–153) mm; petals fading pink or rarely pale rose; capsules somewhat curved, valve margins with smooth to irregular, undulate ridges |
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1c Oenothera cespitosa subsp. macroglottis (in part) |
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| 3 (1) |
Plants strigillose, rarely glandular puberulent; petals fading rose pink to dark rose purple |
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1a Oenothera cespitosa subsp. cespitosa (in part) |
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Plants hirsute or villous, usually also glandular puberulent, rarely only glandular puberulent; petals fading pink to light or pale rose or lavender-rose, sometimes deep rose purple. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Stems unbranched to many-branched, sometimes producing dense clumps 5–50 cm diam.; petals fading rose; seed collar sinuate distally |
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1b Oenothera cespitosa subsp. crinita (in part) |
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Stems unbranched to several-branched, not forming clumps; petals fading rose purple or pink to pale rose or lavender; seed collar various. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Petals fading rose or sometimes deep rose purple; capsules ellipsoid to lanceoloid-ellipsoid, falcate or sigmoid; pedicels 0.5–1 mm; seed collar membrane depressed and often splitting at maturity, margin conspicuously sinuate throughout |
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1b Oenothera cespitosa subsp. crinita (in part) |
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Petals fading pink to pale rose or lavender; capsules lanceoloid to cylindrical, straight or somewhat curved; pedicels usually (0–)1–40(–55) mm; seed collar membrane neither depressed nor splitting at maturity, margin not sinuate, sometimes somewhat so distally. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Capsules oblong-lanceoloid; buds often recurved when young; floral tube (35–)40–70(–80) mm; plants shaggy-villous, sometimes densely so |
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1e Oenothera cespitosa subsp. navajoensis |
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Capsules cylindrical to lanceoloid-cylindrical; buds erect; floral tube (41–)75–140-(–165) mm; plants hirsute. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Capsules somewhat curved, valve margins with nearly smooth to irregular, undulate ridges; leaf blades oblanceolate to spatulate, margins dentate |
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1c Oenothera cespitosa subsp. macroglottis (in part) |
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Capsules straight, valve margins with minute to conspicuous tubercles, these sometimes coalesced into a sinuate ridge; leaf blades usually oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, rarely lanceolate, margins usually pinnately lobed to dentate, rarely serrate |
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1d Oenothera cespitosa subsp. marginata |
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Lower Taxa
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