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Culm bases brown. |
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(2) |
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Culm bases purple-red. |
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(10) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf sheaths scabrous to hispidulous; perigynium beak (0.5–)0.6–1.3 mm. |
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(3) |
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Leaf sheaths glabrous; perigynium beak 0–0.5(–0.7) mm. |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blades green, glabrous abaxially or sparsely hispidulous; perigynia (4.5–)4.6– 5.6(–6.2) × 1.9–2.2(–2.3) mm; longest terminal spikes 14–34(–42) mm. |
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288 Carex hitchcockiana |
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Leaf blades, especially of overwintered leaves, glaucescent, papillose abaxially; perigynia (3.7–)4–4.7(–5.1) × 1.5–1.7(–1.8) mm; longest terminal spikes (25–)30– 46 mm. |
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289 Carex brysonii |
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| 4 (2) |
Leaf blades glaucous; pistillate scales awnless or awn not more than 1(–1.9) mm. |
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(5) |
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Leaf blades deep or light green; pistillate scales usually with awns 1.2–3.7(–6) mm, rarely awnless. |
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(7) |
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| 5 (4) |
Perigynia (4–)4.2–5.5(–6) mm; achene bodies 0.37–0.5 times as long as perigynia; pistillate spikes (5–)5.7–8(–9.6) mm wide; achene beak straight to bent less than 30° from vertical. |
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298 Carex flaccosperma |
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Perigynia 3.2–4.5(–4.7) mm; achene bodies 0.5–0.63(–0.67) times as long as perigynia; pistillate spikes (3.3–)4.2–6.1(–7.3) mm wide; achene beak usually bent 30–90° from vertical. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Perigynia 3.2–4(–4.1) mm, (1.5–)1.8–2.3(–2.5) times as long as wide; longest pistillate spikes with (14–)19–45(–65) perigynia, ratio of spike length (in mm) to flower number = (0.56–)0.67–1.1(–1.3). |
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299 Carex glaucodea |
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Perigynia (3.7–)3.9–4.5(–4.7) mm, (1.9–)2.1–2.6(–2.8) times as long as wide; longest pistillate spikes with 11–25(–28) perigynia, ratio of spike length (in mm) to flower number = (0.97–)1–1.3(–1.6). |
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300 Carex pigra |
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| 7 (4) |
Peduncles of lateral spikes scaberulous; perigynia (6–)18–37(–86) per spike, (2.5–)2.8–3.6(–4.3) mm, 17–25-veined. |
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301 Carex conoidea |
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Peduncles of lateral spikes glabrous or scaberulous; perigynia (3–)5–16(–19) per spike, (3.6–)4–5(–5.5) mm, 40–65-veined. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Widest leaf blades 2.6–4 mm wide; ligules of proximal bracts 0.4–1.8 (–3.6) mm; perigynium apex bent; achene beaks bent. |
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287 Carex impressinervia |
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Widest leaf blades (3.7–)4.2–8.2(–9.1) mm wide; ligules of proximal bracts (1.8–)4–10.7(–12.9) mm; perigynium apex straight; achene beaks straight. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Perigynia orbicular to suborbicular in cross section, 1.8–2.3(–2.6) times as long as wide, (1.8–)2–2.6 mm wide; achenes 1.7–2.1(–2.2) mm wide, stipes (0.2–)0.3–0.4(–0.5) mm. |
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302 Carex grisea |
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Perigynia obtusely triangular in cross section, (2.2–)2.5–3.1 times as long as wide, 1.5–1.9(–2.2) mm wide; achenes (1.3–)1.5–1.7(–1.8) mm wide, stipes (0.3–)0.4–0.6 mm. |
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304 Carex amphibola |
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| 10 (1) |
Plants not cespitose; rhizome internodes 2–3.4 mm thick; terminal spikes (2.8–)3.3– 4.5(–5.4) mm wide, usually much exceeding distal bract. |
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286 Carex ouachitana |
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Plants cespitose; rhizome internodes 1.2–2.2 mm thick; terminal spikes (0.9–)1.3–2.9(–3.1) mm wide, usually much exceeded by distal bract. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Perigynia spirally imbricate; proximal bracts with sheaths loose; ligules (0.9–)2–12.9 mm. |
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(12) |
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Perigynia distichously imbricate; proximal bracts with sheaths tight; ligules 4–4.9(–9.6) mm (to 2.2 mm in C. bulbostylis). |
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(15) |
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| 12 (11) |
Culm bases with purple-red to (3.4–)4–7.3 cm high; widest leaf blades 2.4–4 (–5.3) mm wide; achene stipes 0.6–0.8(–0.9) mm. |
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305 Carex godfreyi |
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Culm bases with purple-red to 0.3–2.4(–7.3) cm high; widest leaf blades 3.3–8(–9.1) mm wide; achene stipes (0.2–)0.3–0.6 mm. |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Perigynia (1.8–)2–2.6 mm wide, orbicular to suborbicular in cross section; achene bodies (2.6–)3.1–3.5(–3.7) mm, stipes (0.2–)0.3–0.4(–0.5) mm, bodies 4.8–9.7(–12) times as long as stipes. |
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302 Carex grisea |
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Perigynia 1.5–2.3(–2.4) mm wide, obtusely triangular in cross section; achene bodies 1.8–2.3(–2.4) mm, stipes (0.3–)0.4–0.6 mm, bodies 3.2–5.8(–7.3) times as long as stipes. |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Perigynia 4.2–5(–5.2) ´ 1.5–1.9(–2.2) mm, (2.2–)2.5–3.1 times as long as wide; achene bodies broadly obovoid to oblong-obovoid, widest at 0.55–0.67(–0.7) of body length. |
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304 Carex amphibola |
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Perigynia (3.6–)3.9–4.5(–4.7) × (1.7–)1.8–2.3(–2.4) mm, 1.8–2.3(–2.5) times as long as wide; achene bodies broadly obdeltoid-obovoid, widest at (0.6–)0.65–0.8 of body length. |
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303 Carex corrugata |
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| 15 (11) |
Perigynia much inflated, orbicular or suborbicular in cross section, (1.8–)2– 2.5(–2.8) mm wide, 1.6–2(–2.1) times as long as wide. |
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293 Carex bulbostylis |
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Perigynia tightly enveloping achene or slightly inflated, obtusely triangular in cross section, 1.4–2.1(–2.3) mm wide, (1.7–)2.1–3.3 times as long as wide. |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Plants loosely cespitose; longer rhizomes internodes 7–58 mm. |
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294 Carex paeninsulae |
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Plants densely cespitose; longer rhizomes internodes 0.2–6(–8) mm. |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Proximal bracts with bases of blades white between veins (most easily seen on abaxial surface). |
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296 Carex acidicola |
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Proximal bracts with bases of blades uniformly green. |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Perigynia (1.7–)2.1–2.6 times as long as wide, apex usually abruptly contracted; beak (0.3–)0.5–1.2 mm; longest lateral spike with 2–8(–10) perigyina (including undeveloped or aborted ones). |
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(19) |
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Perigynia (2.4–)2.5–3.3 times as long as wide, apex gradually tapering; beakless or beak 0.1–0.4 mm; longest lateral spike with (5–)7–14 perigynia (including undeveloped or aborted ones). |
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(21) |
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| 19 (18) |
Proximalmost spike usually considerably beyond base of culm; longest vegetative shoot 0.88–1.4 times as long as longest culm; proximal bracts with sheath front convex and elongated (0.8–)1.1–4 mm beyond apex. |
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290 Carex oligocarpa |
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Proximalmost spike usually basal; longest vegetative shoot (0.8–)1.4–4.4 times as tall as culms; proximal bracts with sheath front apices concave or truncate. |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Culm bases with purple-red extending 2.7–5.2(–5.6) cm; bodies of pistillate scales (2.2–)2.5–3 mm; achene beaks (0.1–)0.2–0.3 mm. |
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291 Carex calcifugens |
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Culm bases with purple-red extending (3.7–)4.7–11.7 cm; bodies of pistillate scales 1.5–2.1(–2.5) mm; achene beaks 0.05–0.1(–0.15) mm. |
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292 Carex edwardsiana |
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| 21 (18) |
Perigynia (1.9–)2–2.3 times as long as achene bodies; achene beaks (0.3–)0.4–0.7 mm. |
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297 Carex planispicata |
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Perigynia 1.7–2 times as long as achene bodies; achene beaks 0.1–0.3(–0.4) mm. |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Longest (per plant) peduncle of terminal spike (2.2–)5.1–8.9(–10.4) cm; 2 distalmost lateral spikes usually widely separate or occassionally overlapping; longest vegetative shoot 0.5–1.3 times as tall as culm. |
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295 Carex thornei |
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Longest (per plant) peduncle of terminal spike 0.9–3.2(–6.8) cm; 2 distalmost lateral spikes usually overlapping; longest vegetative shoot 1.4–2.2 times as tall as longest culm. |
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294 Carex paeninsulae |
