黑斑龍膽

Gentiana scabrida Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 168. 1908 (Fl. Mont. Form.) pro parte; Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 202. 1911 (Mat. Fl. Form.) pro parte; Hayata, Gen. Ind. Fl. Form. 49. 1917 pro parte; Liu & Kuo, Ann. Taiwan Mus. 13: 111. 1970 pro. parte; Liu & Kuo, Bull. Exp. Forest. N. T. U. 114: 185, pl. 9. 1974 pro parte; Liu & Kuo in Li et al., Fl. Taiwan 4: 176. 1978 pro parte; Ho, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 62: 242. 1988 pro parte; Ho & Pringle in Wu et al., Fl. China 16: 77. 1995. pro parte—TYPE: Taiwan, in monte Morrison, Kawakami & Mori 2275 (holotype: TAIF!).

Annual herbs. Stems usually branched, dark purple, densely scabrous, up to 20 cm tall. Leaves aristate-acuminate at apices, slightly scabrous along margins; radical leaves lanceolate or ovate, 10-25 mm long, 4-7 mm wide; cauline leaves lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, 6-13 mm long, 3-6 mm wide; sheaths about 2 mm long. Flowers pedicellate, solitary on terminal branches; pedicels 2-10 mm long; calyx-tube campanulate, 9-11 mm long, with 5 scabrous costae, 5-lobed, the lobes unequal in size, especially on buds, ovate to narrow ovate, aristate-acuminate at apex, 5-7 mm long, about 3 mm wide, the lobes with erose costae, minute aculeus along margins; corolla tubular-campanulate, yellow, with dark brown or black spots in the middle, 20-28 mm long, with 5 lobes; the lobes acutely ovate, 5 mm long, aristate-acuminate at apices, sinuses plicate with ovate-triangular appendages, appendages acute or cuspidate near apices; stamens 5, the anthers narrow, 2.5-3 mm long, the filaments about 18 mm long, attached slightly above the lower-part of corolla-tube; ovary shortly stipitate, lanceolate to narrow ovate, 12-14 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, stipe 2-3 mm long, style 6-7 mm long, the stigma bifurcate and spirally recurved at bloom. Capsules obovoid, about 9 mm long, 6 mm wide, stipe 18-20 mm long, 2-valved, dehiscent, the valves denticulate near upper-part. Seeds ovoid, with minutely longitudinal reticulate-striae, 1.2-1.3 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide.

TYPE: Taiwan. Nantou Hsien: Hohuanshan, Ying 4890, 26 July 1976 (holotype: NTUF!）.

TAICHUNG HSIEN: Nanhutashan, Wang 922 (HAST); same loc., Fujita s. n. Jul. 15, 1933 (TNU); same loc., elev. ca. 3300-3700m, Huang 787 (TAI); Lishan to Hohuanshan, Jeng 1718 (TAI); Sungling, Sasaki s. n. Jul. 27, 1922 (TAIF). NANTOU HSIEN: Nengkaoshan, Mazuda s. n. Aug. 7, 1919 (TAI)(TAIF); Tungnengkao to Nengkao, Sasaki s. n. Aug. 28, 1929 (TAI); Weishang, Sasao s. n. Oct. 22, 1932 (NCUF); Wuling, elev. ca. 3200-3250m, Peng 14489 (HAST); Sunghsuehlou, Huang 2658 (TNU); Patungkuan, elev. ca. 2850m, Lee 10 (HAST); same loc., Huang 1538 (TNU); same loc., elev. ca. 2800m, Yang s. n. Jul. 12, 1993 (TAI); Hohuanshan, elev. ca. 2600m, C. H. Chen 1060 (TNU); same loc., elev. ca. 2600-2700m, C. H. Chen 1203 (TNU); same loc., elev. ca. 3050-3150m, C. H. Chen 1266 (TNU); same loc., elev. ca. 2800m, Lu 12745 (TAIF); same loc., Ou 9152 (TAI); same loc., elev. ca. 2600-3200m, Kuo 2655 (NTUF); same loc., Ying 4890 (NTUF); Kuankao to Patungkuan, elev. ca. 2650-3000m, Peng 8136 (HAST); Chilaichunanfeng, Sasaki 2363 (TAI); same loc., Sasaki 2416 (TAI); same loc., Suzuki s. n. Aug. 24, 1929 (TAI); Mabolasushan, Suzuki 13621 (TAI); Tienchih to Nengkao, Huang 5791 (TAI); Yunhai to Tienchih, elev. ca. 2340-2860m, Kuo 1028 (NTUF). CHIAYI HSIEN: Yushan, Suzuki 13231 (TAI); same loc., s. n. Jul.11, 1933 (TAI); same loc., Huang 14321 (TAI). HUALIEN HHSIEN: Chilaishan, elev. ca. 2910-3000m, Shen 9 (HAST); Miyasan, Sasaki s. n. Mar. 8, 1923 (TAI); Tayuling, Huang 4468 (TAI); Hohuanshan to Tayuling, elev. ca. 2650-3200m, Lin s. n. Jun. 20, 1983 (TAIF); same loc., elev. ca. 3000m, Ying 1284 (NTUF); Tayuling to Pilu, elev. ca. 2400-2650m, Lin s. n. Jun. 21, 1983 (TAIF).

Distribution and habitat. Endemic to Taiwan, in the northern and central parts of the Central Mountain Range from 2,600 to 3500 m in elevation. Commonly found on exposed rocky slope and mixed with grassland. Flowering and fruiting Jul-Nov.

Notes. Ying (1978) described this taxon distinct from G. scabrida based on pale flowers with a densely black punctuated base. From the examination of holotype specimen, bigger flower and wider calyx-lobe are equally useful characters for classification.