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9. Ancylostemon Craib, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 11: 233. 1919.
直瓣苣苔属 zhi ban ju tai shu
Herbs, perennial, epipetric or rarely terrestrial, rhizomatous, stemless. Leaves many, basal; leaf blade puberulent to villous, rarely glabrescent, base cuneate to subcordate. Inflorescences lax, axillary, 1-10-flowered cymes; bracts 2, opposite. Calyx actinomorphic, 5-sect from base to 5-lobed from above middle; segments equal to subequal. Corolla orange to yellow or white, rarely pink, zygomorphic, inside glabrous to puberulent, rarely pilose near base; tube narrowly funnelform to cylindric, slightly gibbous abaxially, longer than limb, 3-8 mm in diam.; limb 2-lipped to slightly 2-lipped; adaxial lip 2-lobed, emarginate, or rarely undivided, shorter than abaxial lip; abaxial lip 3-sect from base, lobes equal or central longer than laterals, apex rounded or rarely acute. Stamens 4, adnate to corolla tube above or rarely below middle, included or rarely exserted; anthers basifixed, coherent in pairs, thecae divergent, not confluent, dehiscing longitudinally; connective not projecting; staminode 1, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube. Disc ringlike or rarely cupular. Ovary narrowly oblong, 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal, projecting inward, 2-cleft. Stigmas 2, equal, 2-lipped, undivided. Capsule straight in relation to pedicel, oblong lanceolate to oblanceolate, much longer than calyx, dehiscing loculicidally to base; valves 2, straight, not twisted. Seeds unappendaged.
* Twelve species: endemic to China.
Ancylostemon flabellatus C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 16. 8. 1983) is not included in the treatment because it is known only from fruiting
specimens and cannot be definitively placed in Pan's classification (Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 190-203. 1990). Its placement in Ancylostemon is uncertain since other genera (e.g.,
Tremacron, Isometrum, and Oreocharis) are virtually indistinguishable using vegetative or fruit characters.
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1 |
Calyx 5-sect from base or near base, tube to 1 mm. |
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(2) |
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Calyx 5-lobed from below to above middle, tube at least 2 mm. |
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(6) |
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2 (1) |
Leaf blade adaxially with only 1 kind of hairs, white puberulent or sparsely brown villous, often glabrescent; corolla 1.1-2 cm. |
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(3) |
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Leaf blade adaxially with at least 2 kinds of hairs, both villous and puberulent to pubescent or villous; corolla 1.5-3 cm. |
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(4) |
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3 (2) |
Leaf blade 1.1-4.4 X 0.7-1.8 cm; lateral veins 3-5 on each side of midrib; peduncle 3-8 cm; bracts 2-4 mm, glabrous to sparsely villous |
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1 Ancylostemon humilis |
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Leaf blade 3-12 X 1-3.2 cm; lateral veins 7 or 8 on each side of midrib; peduncle 12-27 cm; bracts 6-18 mm, brownish pannose |
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2 Ancylostemon notochlaenus |
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4 (2) |
Corolla pink; leaf blade margin serrate, base usually oblique, cuneate; peduncle sparsely puberulent; bracts apparently absent |
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4 Ancylostemon ronganensis |
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Corolla orange to yellow; leaf blade margin coarsely dentate-serrate or crenate to lobulate, base cuneate to cordate; peduncle brown villous, sometimes also puberulent; bracts 2-8 mm. |
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(5) |
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5 (4) |
Corolla adaxial lip 2-lobed; bracts linear to oblong, 2-5 X 0.7-1.2 mm; calyx segment margin entire; disc ca. 2.5 mm, subentire |
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3 Ancylostemon mairei |
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Corolla adaxial lip emarginate; bracts narrowly oblong to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3-8 X 1.5-3 mm; calyx segment margin dentate, rarely subentire; disc 1-1.5 mm, 5-lobed |
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9 Ancylostemon saxatilis |
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6 (1) |
Petiole to 1 cm; leaf blade rhombic to rhombic-ovate; lateral veins 2 or 3 on each side of midrib, inconspicuous, margin shallowly crenate to denticulate |
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10 Ancylostemon rhombifolius |
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Petiole to 2-12(-14) cm; leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, elliptic, lanceolate, or oblong, rarely ovate- rhombic; lateral veins 3-7 on each side of midrib, conspicuous, margin coarsely to double serrate, crenate, or dentate to lobulate, rarely merely crenate to dentate or serrate. |
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(7) |
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7 (6) |
Leaf blade adaxially densely puberulent; peduncle spreading pubescent |
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8 Ancylostemon bullatus |
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Leaf blade adaxially both puberulent and villous, at least sparsely so along veins; peduncle villous, sometimes also pubescent. |
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(8) |
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8 (7) |
Corolla limb slightly 2-lipped, all lobes subequal; petiole, peduncle, and calyx segments bristly-villous, sometimes also puberulent. |
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(9) |
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Corolla limb 2-lipped, abaxial lip at least 2 X longer than adaxial lip; petiole, peduncle, and calyx segments villous, sometimes also pubescent or puberulent. |
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(10) |
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9 (8) |
Leaf blade ovate, ca. 3.5 X 2 cm; petiole ca. 2 cm; calyx 10-11 mm |
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11 Ancylostemon vulpinus |
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Leaf blade broadly ovate, 4-5.5 X 3-4.8 cm; petiole to 7.5 cm; calyx 5-8 mm |
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12 Ancylostemon trichanthus |
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10 (8) |
Corolla adaxial lip 2-lobed; petiole to 4 cm; leaf blade 2.2-4 X 2-3 cm, margin crenate to dentate or serrate, not lobulate; peduncle 4-7 cm, brown villous |
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7 Ancylostemon gamosepalus |
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Corolla adaxial lip undivided to emarginate; petiole to 12(-14) cm; leaf blade 2.5-16 X 1.5-9 cm, margin coarsely dentate to serrate or crenate, to lobulate or nearly so; peduncle 2.4-15(-22) cm, brown villous and pubescent or puberulent. |
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(11) |
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11 (10) |
Leaf blade margin coarsely dentate-serrate or crenate to nearly lobulate; corolla adaxial lip 1-3 mm wide, abaxial lip ca. 1 cm, lobes ovate-orbicular or broadly ovate |
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9 Ancylostemon saxatilis |
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Leaf blade margin coarsely double dentate to double serrate or lobulate, lobes dentate to serrate; corolla adaxial lip 4-7 mm wide, abaxial lip 7-8 mm, lobes oblong to obovate. |
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(12) |
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12 (11) |
Stamens 6-15 mm, filaments sparsely puberulent; disc ca. 1 mm, entire; calyx lobes 2-5 X 1-2 mm; bracts linear to narrowly triangular, 4-7 X 0.7-1.5 mm |
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5 Ancylostemon convexus |
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Stamens 5-6 mm, filaments glabrous; disc 2-5 mm, 5-lobed; calyx lobes 1-2.5 X 1.5-3 mm; bracts narrowly oblong to obovate, 4-7 X 1-2 mm |
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6 Ancylostemon aureus |
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List of lower taxa
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