| 1 |
Leaves 2--5-tufted (at least mostly so in a clone). |
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(2) |
| + |
Leaves solitary, spaced. |
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(13) |
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| 2 (1) |
Perianth urceolate. |
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(3) |
| + |
Perianth campanulate or subcupular. |
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(7) |
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| 3 (2) |
Perianth surface with many deep, longitudinal grooves |
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49 Aspidistra hekouensis |
| + |
Perianth surface ± flat, not deeply grooved. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Scapes usually tufted; leaf blade rounded or nearly so at base |
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45 Aspidistra typica |
| + |
Scape solitary. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Stigma 10--12 mm in diam., margin slightly 3-lobed |
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46 Aspidistra caespitosa |
| + |
Stigma 1.5--2.5 mm in diam., margin 3-lobed or (4 or)6-crenate. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate; stigma strongly convex centrally, margin 3-lobed |
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47 Aspidistra urceolata |
| + |
Leaf blade lorate to lorate-oblanceolate; stigma not strongly convex centrally, margin (4 or)6-crenate |
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48 Aspidistra minutiflora |
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| 7 (2) |
Perianth subcupular; lobes deltoid, erect and smooth |
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38 Aspidistra cyathiflora |
| + |
Perianth campanulate; lobes oblong, oblong-ovate, or deltoid-ovate, recurved and/or papillose. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaf blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate; perianth white; anthers 5--6 mm |
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39 Aspidistra dolichanthera |
| + |
Leaf blade lorate, linear, linear-lanceolate, or narrowly oblanceolate; perianth blackish purple, purple, purple-red, pale green, or pale yellow-green, not white; anthers 1.5--4 mm. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaf blade spotted with pale yellow on both surfaces, narrowly oblanceolate; perianth lobes with 4 papillose keels adaxially |
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40 Aspidistra yingjiangensis |
| + |
Leaf blade without yellow spots, lorate, linear, or linear-lanceolate; perianth lobes with 2, 4, or 6 keels, or sometimes without a keel. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Stamens inserted at middle of perianth tube, positioned nearly as high as stigma |
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41 Aspidistra muricata |
| + |
Stamens inserted near base or proximally in perianth tube, positioned lower than stigma. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Perianth lobes with 4 smooth keels adaxially |
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42 Aspidistra hainanensis |
| + |
Perianth lobes with 4--6 papillose keels adaxially. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Stigma with white convex markings adaxially; perianth lobes 7--8 mm |
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43 Aspidistra omeiensis |
| + |
Stigma purple, with 3--6 minute grooves adaxially; perianth lobes 15--19 mm |
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44 Aspidistra linearifolia |
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| 13 (1) |
Perianth urceolate. |
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(14) |
| + |
Perianth campanulate (including urceolate-campanulate in plants in Taiwan). |
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(17) |
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| 14 (13) |
Perianth tube with fleshy keels on both surfaces; ovary keeled |
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34 Aspidistra carinata |
| + |
Perianth tube and ovary without keels. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Perianth lobes narrowly oblong |
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37 Aspidistra marginella |
| + |
Perianth lobes deltoid-ovate or ovate. |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Leaf blade oblong or narrowly oblong-lanceolate; perianth lobes purple, deltoid |
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35 Aspidistra leshanensis |
| + |
Leaf blade oblanceolate-oblong; perianth lobes yellow, ovate |
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36 Aspidistra fenghuangensis |
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| 17 (13) |
Perianth white or yellow (at least abaxial surface wholly white or yellow). |
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(18) |
| + |
Perianth pink, red, purple, blue, or pale green. |
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(21) |
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| 18 (17) |
Perianth white |
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1 Aspidistra cavicola |
| + |
Perianth yellow (at least mostly so). |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Scape 10.5--22.5 cm; perianth lobes 8--15 mm |
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2 Aspidistra longipedunculata |
| + |
Scape 0.5--2.5 cm; perianth lobes 4.5--7 mm. |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Perianth lobes narrowly ovate-lanceolate, ca. 4.5 mm, not keeled adaxially; stamens inserted at middle of perianth tube, positioned higher than stigma |
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3 Aspidistra triloba |
| + |
Perianth lobes lanceolate, 5--7 mm, with 2 fleshy keels adaxially; stamens inserted in proximal part of perianth tube, positioned lower than stigma |
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4 Aspidistra flaviflora |
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| 21 (17) |
Perianth pale green with purplish brown speckles. |
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(22) |
| + |
Perianth pink, red, purple, or blue (sometimes tube white), sometimes with colored speckles. |
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(23) |
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| 22 (21) |
Leaf blade lanceolate, 25--30 × 4.5--5.5 cm; perianth lobes with 2 keels adaxially |
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5 Aspidistra punctata |
| + |
Leaf blade narrowly oblanceolate or lorate-lanceolate, 50--60 × 2.5--4.5 cm; perianth lobes with 4 keels adaxially |
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6 Aspidistra fasciaria |
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| 23 (21) |
Scapes usually 2--5-tufted; perianth lobes smooth adaxially |
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33 Aspidistra saxicola |
| + |
Scape solitary. |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Perianth lobes basally expanded inward forming toothlike, subulate, or oblong appendages. |
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(25) |
| + |
Perianth lobes without appendages basally. |
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(29) |
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| 25 (24) |
Perianth lobes 0.3--1 cm, shorter than or nearly as long as tube. |
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(26) |
| + |
Perianth lobes 2.4--7.5 cm, much longer than tube. |
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(27) |
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| 26 (25) |
Perianth lobes 0.3--0.4 cm, shorter than tube |
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28 Aspidistra oblongifolia |
| + |
Perianth lobes 0.7--1 cm, nearly as long as tube |
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29 Aspidistra longanensis |
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| 27 (25) |
Perianth tube villous, lobes 7--7.5 cm, appendages papillose |
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32 Aspidistra longiloba |
| + |
Perianth tube glabrous, lobes 2.4--4.5 cm, appendages not papillose. |
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(28) |
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| 28 (27) |
Perianth pale purple; perianth lobes less than 2 × as long as tube; berry softly prickly |
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30 Aspidistra patentiloba |
| + |
Perianth red-pink; perianth lobes ca. 3 × as long as tube; berry glabrous |
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31 Aspidistra luodianensis |
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| 29 (24) |
Stamens inserted at or above middle of perianth tube, positioned as high as or higher than stigma. |
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(30) |
| + |
Stamens inserted nearly at base of or proximally in perianth tube, positioned lower than stigma. |
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(33) |
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| 30 (29) |
Perianth 0.9--1.2 cm |
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7 Aspidistra claviformis |
| + |
Perianth 1.7--2.5 cm. |
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(31) |
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| 31 (30) |
Stamens inserted above middle of perianth tube, positioned much higher than stigma; perianth lobes (5 or)6 |
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8 Aspidistra retusa |
| + |
Stamens inserted at middle of perianth tube, positioned slightly higher than stigma; perianth lobes 7 or 8. |
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(32) |
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| 32 (31) |
Perianth tubular-campanulate, lobes ovate-deltoid, not keeled adaxially |
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9 Aspidistra attenuata |
| + |
Perianth urceolate-campanulate, lobes narrowly deltoid, 2-keeled adaxially |
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10 Aspidistra daibuensis |
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| 33 (29) |
Perianth pink |
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13 Aspidistra mushaensis |
| + |
Perianth not pink (at least in Chinese plants). |
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(34) |
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| 34 (33) |
Stigma subglobose or mushroom-shaped, 1--1.9 cm in diam. |
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(35) |
| + |
Stigma peltate, orbicular to cross-shaped, sometimes convex adaxially, 5--14 mm in diam. |
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(36) |
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| 35 (34) |
Style articulate; stigma mushroom-shaped, 1--1.2 cm in diam. |
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11 Aspidistra fungilliformis |
| + |
Style not articulate; stigma subglobose, to 1.9 cm in diam. |
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12 Aspidistra subrotata |
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| 36 (34) |
Perianth lobes equaling or longer than tube. |
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(37) |
| + |
Perianth lobes shorter than tube. |
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(38) |
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| 37 (36) |
Scape 1--4 cm; perianth 1--1.8 cm |
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15 Aspidistra austrosinensis |
| + |
Scape 0.3--0.5 cm; perianth 3--3.5 cm |
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17 Aspidistra longipetala |
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| 38 (36) |
Stigma cross-shaped |
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26 Aspidistra cruciformis |
| + |
Stigma usually orbicular, not cross-shaped. |
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(39) |
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| 39 (38) |
Perianth 3--3.5 cm |
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16 Aspidistra tonkinensis |
| + |
Perianth 1--2.5 cm. |
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(40) |
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| 40 (39) |
Stigma with 3 or 4 globose, fleshy projections at center adaxially |
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14 Aspidistra acetabuliformis |
| + |
Stigma without globose projections. |
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(41) |
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| 41 (40) |
Stigma with 4 hollows at center adaxially |
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27 Aspidistra leyeensis |
| + |
Stigma without hollows. |
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(42) |
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| 42 (41) |
Fleshy keels on adaxial surface of perianth lobes fimbriate |
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18 Aspidistra fimbriata |
| + |
Fleshy keels on adaxial surface of perianth lobes not fimbriate. |
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(43) |
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| 43 (42) |
Leaf blade oblanceolate, or at least partly so. |
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(44) |
| + |
Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, never oblanceolate. |
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(46) |
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| 44 (43) |
Leaf blade 5--9 cm wide; perianth lobes subdeltoid; stigma 3(or 4)-lobed at margin |
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21 Aspidistra xilinensis |
| + |
Leaf blade 2--4 cm wide; perianth lobes narrowly lanceolate or narrowly oblong; stigma 4- or 8-lobed at margin. |
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(45) |
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| 45 (44) |
Perianth lobes narrowly lanceolate; stigma 1--1.2 cm in diam., 4-lobed at margin |
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19 Aspidistra ebianensis |
| + |
Perianth lobes narrowly oblong; stigma 0.5--0.6 cm in diam., 8-lobed at margin |
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20 Aspidistra oblanceifolia |
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| 46 (43) |
Leaf blade subrounded or broadly cuneate at base; stigma 6-lobed at margin, lobes with a white hollow on adaxial surface |
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25 Aspidistra zongbayi |
| + |
Leaf blade cuneate at base; stigma 4-lobed at margin, lobes without a hollow on adaxial surface. |
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(47) |
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| 47 (46) |
Keels of perianth lobes strongly fleshy, not papillose |
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22 Aspidistra elatior |
| + |
Keels of perianth lobes not fleshy, papillose. |
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(48) |
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| 48 (47) |
Stigma strongly convex, lobes entire |
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23 Aspidistra lurida |
| + |
Stigma slightly convex, lobes emarginate at apex |
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24 Aspidistra sichuanensis |
