|
51. Campylandra Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 582. 1875.
开口箭属 kai kou jian shu
Liang Songyun (梁松筠 Liang Song-jun); Minoru N. Tamura
Tilcusta Rafinesque.
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, monopodial. Rhizome ascending or less often creeping, thick, stout, sometimes slightly woody. Stem very short or sometimes slightly elongate. Leaves basal or on short stem, usually distichous equitant, sometimes spaced, basally distinctly petiolate or not; leaf blade lorate to ovate-elliptic. Scape axillary. Inflorescence a terminal spike, several to many flowered, sometimes with several sterile bracts apically; fertile bracts lanceolate to ovate, often longer than flowers, sometimes shorter. Perianth segments 6, connate into a tube for 1/2--2/3 their length, fleshy, sometimes with a ringlike, fleshy appendage in throat; lobes often spreading, sometimes incurved, sometimes fimbriate at margin. Stamens 6; filaments proximally adnate to perianth tube, free part short to long; anthers positioned as high as or higher than stigma, dorsifixed. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules 2--4 per locule. Style 1, to 1(--3.5) mm; stigma small, 3-lobed. Fruit a berry, 1--3-seeded.
Sixteen species: Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Sikkim; 16 species (13 endemic) in China.
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
Perianth throat with a cushionlike, ringed, fleshy appendage. |
|
(2) |
| + |
Perianth throat without a cushionlike appendage, but sometimes with a thin ring formed from by fusion of widened filaments. |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Flower subtended by 2 bracts; free part of filaments 1.5--2.5 mm. |
|
(3) |
| + |
Flower subtended by 1 bract; free part of filaments less than 1 mm. |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Perianth lobes ca. 5 mm, smooth abaxially; filaments 2--2.5 mm |
|
15 Campylandra annulata |
| + |
Perianth lobes 6--8 mm, densely verruculose abaxially; filaments 1.5--2 mm |
|
16 Campylandra verruculosa |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (2) |
Perianth lobes entire at margin |
|
12 Campylandra urotepala |
| + |
Perianth lobes erose at margin. |
|
(5) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Leaves 2--3.5 cm wide; perianth tube with brown dots adaxially |
|
13 Campylandra tui |
| + |
Leaves 0.4--1.2 cm wide; perianth tube without brown dots adaxially |
|
14 Campylandra lichuanensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (1) |
Leaves sessile, leaf blade lorate, apex long acuminate. |
|
(7) |
| + |
Leaves gradually narrowed basally into a distinct or indistinct petiole, leaf blade varying in shape, apex acute or acuminate. |
|
(8) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Perianth tubular-campanulate, 5--5.5 mm; fertile bracts longer than flowers, margin denticulate |
|
10 Campylandra ensifolia |
| + |
Perianth subcampanulate, 6.5--8 mm; fertile bracts shorter than flowers, margin entire |
|
11 Campylandra jinshanensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (6) |
Rhizome stemlike, elongate, nodes spaced; leaves cauline, slightly spaced. |
|
(9) |
| + |
Rhizome short or slightly elongate, nodes dense (sometimes spaced in C. chinensis); leaves basal or nearly so, usually crowded. |
|
(10) |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (8) |
Spike with several sterile bracts apically |
|
1 Campylandra wattii |
| + |
Spike without sterile bracts apically |
|
2 Campylandra emeiensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (8) |
Bracts and perianth lobes fimbriate at margin |
|
9 Campylandra fimbriata |
| + |
Bracts and perianth lobes not fimbriate at margin. |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (10) |
Widened part of filaments denticulate at margin |
|
3 Campylandra aurantiaca |
| + |
Widened part of filaments entire at margin. |
|
(12) |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (11) |
Anther connective protruding from locules, recurved, ca. 1.5 mm |
|
4 Campylandra liangshanensis |
| + |
Anther connective included. |
|
(13) |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (12) |
Leaves crisped at margin; bracts in proximal 1/2 of spike usually with 1 or 2 teeth at middle of margin |
|
5 Campylandra yunnanensis |
| + |
Leaves not crisped at margin; bracts without teeth at margin. |
|
(14) |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (13) |
Perianth tubular, 7--11 mm |
|
6 Campylandra delavayi |
| + |
Perianth campanulate, 4.5--7.5 mm. |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (14) |
Peduncle 1--6(--15) mm; perianth 5--7 mm |
|
7 Campylandra chinensis |
| + |
Peduncle 15--40 mm; perianth 4.5--5 mm |
|
8 Campylandra longipedunculata |
|
|
|
List of lower taxa
| Related Links (opens in a new window) |
|
Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
Other Databases
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
