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Sapotaceae A. L. Jussieu
山榄科 shan lan ke
Authors: Shugang Li & T. D. Pennington
Trees or shrubs, usually producing latex. Leaves spirally arranged or alternate and distichous, rarely ± opposite, sometimes crowded at apex of branchlets; stipules early deciduous or absent; leaf blade papery or leathery, margin entire. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, usually in sessile axillary clusters, rarely solitary; cluster pedunculate or in raceme-like inflorescence, bracteolate. Calyx a single whorl of usually 4--6 sepals, or 2 whorls each with 2--4 sepals. Corolla lobes as many to 2 X as many as sepals, usually entire, rarely with 2 lacerate or lobular appendages. Stamens inserted at corolla base or at throat of corolla tube, as many as and opposite corolla lobes to many and in 2 or 3 whorls; staminodes when present alternate with stamens, scaly to petal-like. Ovary superior, 4- or 5-locular, placentation axillary; ovules 1 per locule, anatropous. Style 1, often apically lobed. Fruit a berry or drupe, 1- to many-seeded. Seed coat brown (pale yellow in Pouteria annamensis), hard, shiny, rich in tannin; endosperm usually oily; seed scar lateral and linear to oblong or basal and round.
About 1100 species and 53 genera: pantropical; 11 genera and 24 species (six endemic) in China. Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang). 1987. Sapotaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 47-83.
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| 1 |
Sepals usually 4 or 6 in 2 whorls. |
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(2) |
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Sepals 4 or 5 in 1 whorl. |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Sepals usually 4 |
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1 Madhuca |
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Sepals usually 6. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Corolla appendages present; stamens 6; staminodes present |
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2 Manilkara |
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Corolla appendages absent; stamens 12--18; staminodes absent |
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3 Palaquium |
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| 4 (1) |
Corolla appendages present |
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4 Eberhardtia |
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Corolla appendages absent. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Staminodes absent. |
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(6) |
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Staminodes present. |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Stamens 5--10; stipules absent |
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5 Chrysophyllum |
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Stamens 16--18; stipules present |
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6 Diploknema |
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| 7 (5) |
Filaments with a cluster of villous hairs on both sides, rarely at only one side, at base; staminodes awned; plant usually spinous |
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7 Xantolis |
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Filaments without hairs; staminodes not awned; plant not spinous. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Seed scar lateral. |
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(9) |
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Seed scar basal. |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Fruit 2.5--4.5 cm; seed scar oblong or ovate |
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8 Pouteria |
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Fruit less than 2.5 cm; seed scar narrow |
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9 Planchonella |
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| 10 (8) |
Leaves spirally arranged, not stipulate; ovary 5-locular; berry ovoid or globose, pericarp thick |
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10 Sinosideroxylon |
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Leaves opposite or subopposite, stipulate; ovary 1- or 2-locular; fruit drupelike, ellipsoid, pericarp very thin |
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11 Sarcosperma |
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List of lower taxa
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