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5. Cupressus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1002. 1753.
柏木属 bai mu shu
Trees (rarely shrubs) evergreen, monoecious; branchlets ascending, rarely pendulous, often decussately arranged, terete or 4-angled in cross section. Leaves decussate, 4-ranked; juvenile leaves needlelike; adult leaves scalelike, with an abaxial resin gland, usually not dimorphic along branchlets. Pollen cones ovoid or oblong; microsporophylls 6-16, each with 2-6 pollen sacs. Seed cones terminal, solitary, globose or subglobose, dehiscent when mature in 2nd year; cone scales 8-16, decussate, peltate, woody, each fertile scale bearing 3-20 seeds; free bract apex a short mucro. Seeds slightly flattened, ridged, with lateral, narrow wings. Cotyledons 2-5.
About 17 species: N Africa, Asia, S Europe, SW North America; nine species (four endemic, four introduced) in China.
Cupressus cashmeriana Royle ex Carrière (Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2, 1: 161. 1867) known with certainly only from Bhutan, might possibly extend into China, in SE Xizang. That is if Cupressus assamica Silba (J. Intern. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 1: 19. 1994) described from SE Xizang with Kingdon Ward 12449 (BM) as the holotype, is indeed a synonym of C. casmeriana, as was given by A. Farjon (World Checkl. Bibliogr. Conif. 45. 1998).
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| 1 |
Branchlets flattened; seed cones 0.8-1.5 cm in diam.; seeds 3-5(or 6) per cone scale |
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9 Cupressus funebris |
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Branchlets terete or 4-angled; seed cones 1-3 cm in diam.; seeds more than 8 per cone scale. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Branchlets terete. |
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(3) |
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Branchlets 4-angled. |
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(5) |
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| 3 (2) |
Branchlets loosely or densely arranged, ultimate ones pendulous or irregularly spreading, slender, 1-1.4 mm.in diam.; seed cones dark grayish brown at maturity, 1-1.8 cm in diam. |
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6 Cupressus torulosa |
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Branchlets densely arranged, ultimate ones spreading, ascending, or drooping but not pendulous, stout, 1.2- 2 mm in diam.; seed cones brown or reddish brown at maturity, 1.2-2 cm in diam. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Branchlets not glaucous; bracts with a small, free mucro at apex |
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7 Cupressus chengiana |
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Branchlets often glaucous; bracts with a prominent, large, free mucro at apex |
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8 Cupressus gigantea |
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| 5 (2) |
Leaves with a conspicuous abaxial gland |
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5 Cupressus arizonica |
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Leaves without a conspicuous abaxial gland. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaves green, not glaucous. |
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(7) |
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Leaves bluish green or grayish green, glaucous. |
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(8) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaves obtuse or subacute at apex; seed cones 2-3 cm in diam.; cone scales 8-14 |
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3 Cupressus sempervirens |
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Leaves acute at apex; seed cones 1-1.5 cm in diam.; cone scales 6-10 |
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4 Cupressus goveniana |
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| 8 (6) |
Seed cones with ca. 12 cone scales; branchlets stout, ultimate ones 1.5-2 mm in diam. |
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8 Cupressus gigantea |
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Seed cones with 6-10 seed scales; branchlets thin, ultimate ones 0.8-1 mm in diam. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Branchlets spreading or drooping but not pendulous; seed cones 1.5-3.2 cm in diam., with (6-)8-10 cone scales |
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1 Cupressus duclouxiana |
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Branchlets pendulous; seed cones 1-1.5 cm in diam., with 6-8 cone scales |
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2 Cupressus lusitanica |
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List of lower taxa
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