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11. Curcuma Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753.
[nom. cons.]
姜黄属 jiang huang shu
Rhizomes branched, fleshy, aromatic, often with tuber-bearing roots. Leaves basal; leaf blade broadly lanceolate or oblong, rarely narrowly linear. Inflorescence a terminal spike on pseudostems or on separate shoots arising from rhizomes, sometimes appearing before leaves; peduncle erect; bracts connate for ca. 1/2 their length and forming pouches, spreading at free ends, each subtending a cincinnus of 2--7 flowers, apical bracts often differently colored, large, sterile, forming a coma; bracteoles free to base. Calyx usually shortly tubular, split on 1 side, apex 2- or 3-lobed or -toothed. Corolla funnelform; lobes ovate or oblong, subequal or central lobe longer, apex mucronate. Lateral staminodes petaloid, basally adnate to filament and labellum. Labellum with a thickened, central portion and thinner, lateral lobes overlapping with lateral staminodes. Filament short, broad; anther versatile, base usually spurred; connective appendage absent. Ovary 3-loculed. Capsule ellipsoid, 3-valved, dehiscent.
About 50 species: SE Asia, one species in Australia; 12 species (six endemic, one introduced) in China.
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| 1 |
Inflorescences terminal on pseudostems; plants flowering in autumn. |
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(2) |
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Inflorescences on separate shoots arising from rhizomes; plants flowering in summer. |
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(7) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces |
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11 Curcuma kwangsiensis |
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Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade with a purple band along center. |
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(4) |
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Leaf blade without a purple band along center. |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Rhizomes yellow inside; leaf blade 13--15 cm wide, midvein green; coma bracts deep purple except for white base |
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1 Curcuma yunnanensis |
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Rhizomes green inside; leaf blade 5--7 cm wide, midvein red; coma bracts white with purple apex |
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2 Curcuma exigua |
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| 5 (3) |
Rhizomes and coma bracts white; labellum white with central, yellow band |
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3 Curcuma sichuanensis |
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Rhizomes orange or yellow; coma bracts white and green, sometimes tinged reddish purple; labellum yellow or yellowish. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Rhizomes orange and bright yellow; coma bracts white and green, sometimes tinged reddish purple; labellum yellowish with central, yellow band |
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4 Curcuma longa |
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Rhizomes pale yellow; coma bracts white, partly with green stripe; labellum yellow with small, brown stripe on central band |
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5 Curcuma viridiflora |
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| 7 (1) |
Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces. |
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(8) |
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Leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces or abaxially only. |
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(10) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaf blade with purple midvein |
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6 Curcuma zanthorrhiza |
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Leaf blade without purple midvein. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Rhizomes yellow inside, bluish green outside; coma bracts whitish, apex red and pink; corolla red |
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7 Curcuma amarissima |
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Rhizomes yellowish inside, whitish outside; coma bracts rose; corolla white |
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8 Curcuma wenyujin |
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| 10 (7) |
Leaf blade with purple cloud at center; rhizomes pale blue, pale green, yellowish green, or yellow |
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9 Curcuma phaeocaulis |
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Leaf blade without purple cloud at center; rhizomes white to yellow. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Coma bracts absent |
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10 Curcuma flaviflora |
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Coma bracts pale red, or white tinged with red. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaf blade pubescent on both surfaces; rhizomes white or creamy white |
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11 Curcuma kwangsiensis |
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Leaf blade pubescent abaxially only; rhizomes yellow |
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12 Curcuma aromatica |
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List of lower taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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