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FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 19 | Campanulaceae

1. Cyananthus Wallich ex Bentham in Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 309. 1836.

蓝钟花属 lan zhong hua shu

Authors: Deyuan Hong, Thomas G. Lammers & Laura L. Klein

Cyananthus formosus

Credit: Harvard University Herbaria

Herbs, annual or perennial, caudices of latter thick, lignified, covered with numerous scales, usually branched, stems thus caespitose. Leaves alternate, but sometimes 4 or 5 leaves aggregated below pedicel, appearing whorl-like. Flowers solitary, terminal on main stems and branches, rarely in a dichasium and dichasia aggregated on top of stem and branches, pedicellate. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, 5- or rarely 4-lobed. Corolla tubular-campanulate, (3-)5-lobed. Stamens 5, often aggregated and surrounding ovary at upper part. Ovary superior, conical, mostly 5-locular, less frequently 4- or 3-locular. Fruit a capsule, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, brown-red or brown-black.

Eighteen species: Himalaya and the Hengduan Mountains; 17 species (nine endemic) in China.


1 Plant annual, lacking a caudex (3. C. sect. Annui)   (2)
+ Plant perennial with a robust caudex densely clothed in persistent and straw-colored scales   (5)
       
2 (1) Plants dwarf, less than 20 cm tall; flowers almost sessile, typically 4-merous; corolla usually less than 10 mm, rarely up to 15 mm.   17 C. hookeri
+ Plants taller; flowers pedicellate, typically 5-merous; corolla usually more than 15 mm   (3)
       
3 (2) Calyx covered with red-brown setae, base of setae swollen, black verrucose; calyx lobes obovate- oblong, broadest at middle or above middle; corolla pale yellow or white.   14 C. lichiangensis
+ Calyx villous; calyx lobes sublinear or triangular, broadest below middle; corolla blue or blue-purple   (4)
       
4 (3) Leaves glabrous or sparsely puberulent; flowers in dichasia, fascicled at top of stem; calyx lobes linear.   15 C. fasciculatus
+ Leaves hairy; flowers solitary, terminal on top of stem and branches, rarely 3-5-fascicled; calyx lobes triangular.   16 C. inflatus
       
5 (1) Calyx with brown-black setae, sometimes mixed with other hairs; corolla lobes suborbicular, broadly ovate, or oblong, as long as or slightly longer than broad (2. C. sect. Cyananthus)   (6)
+ Calyx glabrous or covered with hairs other than brown-black setae; corolla lobes usually oblong, longer than broad (1. C. sect. Stenolobi)   (11)
       
6 (5) Calyx covered with brown-black and white setae; stems sparsely arachnoid   (7)
+ Calyx covered with only brown-black setae; stems villous, scaberulose, or sericeous   (8)
       
7 (6) Leaf blade cordate to triangular-ovate, base cordate or rounded, margin obviously crenulate.   12 C. cordifolius
+ Leaf blade linear-elliptic, base cuneate, margin entire or sinuous.   13 C. sherriffii
       
8 (6) Leaves less than 11 mm.   11 C. microphyllus
+ Leaves more than 10 mm   (9)
       
9 (8) Leaf blade usually oblanceolate, spatulate, or obovate, margin with 3-9 obtuse lobes above middle.   8 C. lobatus
+ Leaf blade elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, margin entire or sinuous-crenulate above middle   (10)
       
10 (9) Leaves hispidulous on both surfaces; pedicels 12-32 mm; no leaves aggregated below pedicels.   9 C. pedunculatus
+ Leaves adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely sericeous; pedicels 5-12 mm; several leaves aggregated below pedicels, whorl-like.   10 C. sericeus
       
11 (5) Flowers several on a stem in racemelike inflorescence; leaves ovate-lanceolate, abaxially densely sericeous; margin strongly recurved.   7 C. longiflorus
+ Flowers solitary and terminal on a stem; leaves rhombic, flabellate, spatulate, or ovate, rarely lanceolate, rarely sericeous, margin spreading or slightly recurved   (12)
       
12 (11) Leaves usually rhombic, flabellate, or spatulate, (2-)2.5-4.8(-5.5) mm, base usually truncate or broadly cuneate, obviously petiolate   (13)
+ Leaves usually spatulate, elliptic, ovate, or obovate-lanceolate, (3-)4.5-16 mm, base cuneate or rounded, attenuate into shortly petiolate, or leaves sessile   (14)
       
13 (12) Flowers 1.6-2.4 cm; leaves rhombic, base broadly cuneate.   1 C. delavayi
+ Flowers 2.5-4.8 cm; leaves spatulate to rhombic, margins serrate to sinuous-crenulate, rarely entire.   2 C. formosus
       
14 (12) Plants densely covered with long yellow-brown appressed hairs except corolla; scales on caudexes 10-15 × ca. 3 mm; corolla 3-4 cm, lobed to 1/3.   4 C. wardii
+ Plants glabrous or covered with other types of hairs than above, leaves adaxially white hirsute or white hispidulous; scales on caudexes much smaller; corolla 2-2.5(-3.8) cm, lobed to middle   (15)
       
15 (14) Leaves spatulate, petiole short, narrowly winged, (0.5-)1.3-5 mm.   3 C. macrocalyx
+ Leaves elliptic, ovate, narrowly ovate, or narrowly obovate, sessile or petiole extremely short, less than 1(-1.7) mm   (16)
       
16 (15) Leaves shortly petiolate or sessile, elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or oblanceolate, base cuneate; flowers blue or blue-purple.   5 C. incanus
+ Leaves sessile, broadly ovate or obovate-lanceolate, base rounded; flowers yellow or white.   6 C. flavus

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