1	Keels of palea smooth; anthers 0.7–1.2 mm; panicle open, branches spreading.		1 D. japonica
+	Keels of palea ciliate; anthers 1.5–2 mm; panicle ± contracted, branches erect to ascending		(2)
2 (1)	Panicle contracted at first, becoming somewhat lax at maturity, primary branches often further divided; lemmas smooth on veins; lowest lemma 3.5–4 mm.		2 D. fauriei
+	Panicle always contracted, primary branches erect, simple; lemmas scabrid on veins near apex; lowest lemma 4.5–5 mm.		3 D. mandshurica