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92. Doronicum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 885. 1753.
多榔菊属 duo lang ju shu
Authors: Yilin Chen & Bertil Nordenstam
Herbs, perennial. Leaves alternate; basal leaves long petiolate; stem leaves sessile and semiamplexicaul. Capitula large, usually solitary or 2-6(-8) laxly corymbose, radiate; involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate; phyllaries 2(or 3)-seriate, herbaceous, subequal; outer phyllaries lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate-linear; inner phyllaries linear or linear-lanceolate, laxly pubescent or glandular, apex long acuminate. Receptacle slightly raised, glabrous or hairy, heterogamous, all florets fertile. Ray florets uniseriate, female. Disk florets many seriate, bisexual, tubular, yellow; limb cylindric or campanulate, 5-lobed. Anther bases entire or ± auriculate, filamentous cells equal in size, appendages ovate, style 2-lobed, style branches shortly linear, apex rounded or truncate, puberulent. Achenes oblong or oblong-obconic, glabrous or adpressed hairy, ribbed; pappus of many fine bristles, white or reddish, usually absent in ray florets.
About 40 species: temperate N Africa, Asia, and Europe; seven species (four endemic) in China.
The capitula of the genus are large and colorful. Some species are often cultivated as ornamental plants and some used medicinally. Doronicum is morphologically and chemically anomalous in the Senecioneae, and molecular data place it either outside the tribe or basally in the tribe (Pelser et al., Taxon 56: 1077-1104. 2007; Nordenstam et al. in V. A. Funk et al., Syst. Evol. Biogeogr. Compositae, 503-525. 2009). Thus, it may be treated either as the only genus of tribe Doroniceae Panero (Phytologia 87(1): 1. 2005), or the name Doroniceae may be treated within synonymy of the Senecioneae. Doronicum bargusinense Sergievskaya var. pilosum C. H. An (Fl. Xinjiang. 5: 477. 1999) is of uncertain status and could not be treated here because no material was seen by the present authors.
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| 1 |
Ray florets as long as involucre or shorter; capitula 1.5-2(-2.5) cm in diam., few arranged in racemes at apex of stem |
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(2) |
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Ray florets distinctly overtopping involucre; capitula 5-7 cm in diam., solitary, rarely 2 |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Peduncle thick, 3-8 cm, apex dilated and obconic, glandular villous; ray lamina oblong or oblong-elliptic, 7-8 × ca. 2 mm; achenes heteromorphic, glabrous and without pappus in ray florets, densely puberulent in disk florets. |
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6 D. conaense |
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Peduncle slender, 1-1.5 cm, apex not dilated, densely villous, glandular hairy; ray lamina linear, 7-10 × 0.2-0.5 mm; achenes similar; achenes in all florets puberulent, pappus present. |
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7 D. stenoglossum |
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| 3 (1) |
Ovary and achenes heteromorphic, achenes in ray florets glabrous and without pappus, in disk florets pappus present and adpressed hairy |
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(4) |
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Ovary and achenes similar, glabrous or laxly hairy, all achenes with pappus |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Basal leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong, 2-6(-10) cm, base attenuate into 16-20 cm petiole; outer phyllaries lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 mm wide, inner phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, 1.2-3 mm wide; tube of ray florets glabrous, lamina basally puberulent. |
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4 D. oblongifolium |
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Basal leaves obovate-spatulate or suborbicular, 4-11 cm, base attenuate into 4-15 cm winged petiole; outer phyllaries linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1.8-2 mm wide, inner phyllaries linear, 1-1.5 mm wide; tube of ray florets densely glandular hairy, lamina basally glabrous. |
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5 D. turkestanicum |
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| 5 (3) |
Rhizomes slender, often stoloniferous; capitula 3-5 cm in diam.; involucres 1.5-2 cm in diam., phyllaries laxly or densely pubescent; achenes glabrous. |
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3 D. gansuense |
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Rhizomes robust, not stoloniferous; capitula 4-7 cm in diam.; phyllaries glandular hairy or villous |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Basal leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, rarely orbicular, petioles 6-19 cm, lower stem leaves ovate-oblong, basally attenuate into ca. 2 cm broadly winged petiole, glabrous or glandular ciliate on margin; involucre 2-3 cm in diam.; ray florets 1.6-2.5 cm, pappus as long as or only slightly longer than achenes; achenes glabrous or sometimes laxly puberulent. |
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1 D. altaicum |
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Basal leaves obovate-spatulate or oblong-elliptic, petioles shorter, lower stem leaves ovate-oblong or oblong-spatulate, basally attenuate into 2-4 cm broadly winged petiole, both surfaces articulate-villous and glandular hairy especially on veins; involucre 3-3.5 cm in diam.; ray florets 2.2-2.8 cm, pappus ca. 3 × as long as achenes; achenes laxly puberulent on veins. |
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2 D. calotum |
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Lower Taxa
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