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3. Gynostemma Blume, Bijdr. 23. 1825.
绞股蓝属 jiao gu lan shu
Authors: Shukun Chen & Charles Jeffrey
Enkylia Griffith; Pestalozzia Zollinger & Moritzi; Trirostellum Z. P. Wang & Q. Z. Xie.
Herbs, perennial, scandent, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves alternate, pedate, with 3-9 leaflets, rarely simple; leaflet blade ovate-lanceolate. Tendrils bifurcate, rarely simple. Plants dioecious, rarely monoecious. Flowers unisexual, in racemes or panicles, axillary or terminal; pedicel articulate; bracteole basal. Male flower: calyx tube short, 5-lobed; segments narrowly lanceolate; corolla greenish or white, rotate, deeply 5-lobed; segments lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, involute in bud; stamens 5, inserted at base of perianth tube; filaments short, connate; anthers erect, ovoid, 2-celled, dehiscence longitudinal; connective narrow, but not extended; pollen grains globose or elliptic, longitudinally striate or smooth, dehiscent by pores; rudimentary pistil absent. Female flowers: calyx and corolla as in male flower; staminodes present; ovary globose, 2-5-locular; styles 3, rarely 2, 4, or 5, free; stigmas 2 or 1 and crescent-shaped and irregularly incised-dentate; ovules 2, pendulous in each locule. Berry globose, in form and size like a pea, or capsule, 3-lobed from top, top umbonulate or with 3 persistent long styles. Seeds 2 or 3, broadly ovate, compressed, with papillae or spiniform papillae.
About 17 species: tropical Asia to E Asia, from the Himalaya to Japan, Malaysia, and New Guinea; 14 species (nine endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Capsule campanulate, dehiscent when mature along ventral suture, 3-lobed; persistent styles 3(-5), long rostriform |
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(2) |
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Berry globose or depressed-globose, not dehiscent; persistent styles short, umbonate, never rostrate |
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(7) |
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| 2 (1) |
Female flowers solitary or paired, axillary, pedicel 3-4 cm; ovary 5-locular, styles 5. |
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1 G. pentagynum |
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Female flowers numerous, in racemes or panicles, axillary or terminal, pedicel shorter than 5 mm; ovary 3-locular, styles 3 |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Female flowers in lax panicle; fruit stalk 8-10 mm. |
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6 G. laxiflorum |
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Female flowers in spiciform racemes; fruit stalk shorter than 5 mm |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Stigma crescent-shaped and irregularly incised-dentate, style 2.5-3 mm, or thick and short, ca. 0.5 mm |
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(5) |
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Stigma 2-lobed, forked, never crescent-shaped, style shorter than 0.5 mm |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Styles thin and long, 2.5-3 mm; persistent styles up to 5 mm; side of seed not sulcate and without wing. |
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2 G. yixingense |
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Styles short and thick; persistent styles shortly rostriform; seed broadly cordate, margin sulcate and with narrow wing. |
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3 G. cardiospermum |
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| 6 (4) |
Fruit ca. 3 mm in diam., glabrous, dark punctate; leaves with 5 elliptic leaflets. |
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4 G. microspermum |
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Fruit 5-6 mm in diam., white villous, without dark spots; leaves with 5-7 obovate-elliptic leaflets. |
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5 G. aggregatum |
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| 7 (1) |
Leaves simple. |
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7 G. simplicifolium |
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Leaves compound, pedate |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Stem 3-angled, with narrow wings. |
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14 G. caulopterum |
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Stem cylindrical, with longitudinal striae, but without wings |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaves with 3-5 leaflets |
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(10) |
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Leaves with (3-)5-7(-9) leaflets |
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(11) |
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| 10 (9) |
Leaf smooth, glabrous on both surfaces, or with hairs only along midrib; stem with only sparse hairs at nodes; corolla segments narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 mm. |
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8 G. laxum |
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Leaf blade and stem all densely pubescent; corolla segments oblong-elliptic, ca. 2 mm. |
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9 G. "burmanicum" |
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| 11 (9) |
Fruit densely hirsute-pubescent; stem stout. |
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10 G. pentaphyllum |
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Fruit glabrous; stem slender |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Fruit stalk shorter than 5 mm; leaves sparsely to densely pubescent. |
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10 G. pentaphyllum |
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Fruit stalk 7-25 mm |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Plants monoecious; fruit 3-angled-obovoid or 3-angled-oblate. |
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11 G. guangxiense |
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Plants dioecious; fruit globose or obtriangular |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Fruit obtriangular, compressed; leaflets 5-7, elliptic or elliptic-ovate. |
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12 G. compressum |
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Fruit globose; leaflets 7-9, rhombic-elliptic or obovate-lanceolate. |
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13 G. longipes |
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List of lower taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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