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| 1 |
Lamina clearly differentiated into a much wider basal vegetative portion and a much narrower apical fertile portion almost completely covered by a pair of linear sori |
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(2) |
| + |
Lamina mostly with little or no differentiation between vegetative and fertile portions, sometimes sori restricted to apical portion but this only slightly narrower and sori not covering surface |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Lamina narrowly lanceolate, upper parts gradually attenuate into narrow fertile part, herbaceous when dry. |
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1 L. mucronatus |
| + |
Lamina ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, upper parts abruptly contracted into narrow fertile part, papery or leathery when dry |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Stipe very short to almost absent; lamina leathery with undulate margins when dried, fertile tip 2-3 mm wide; sori covering entire abaxial surface of fertile tip when mature. |
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2 L. henryi |
| + |
Stipe 2-5 cm; lamina papery with straight margins when dried, fertile tip 5-10 mm wide; sori separated from midrib by a narrow sterile zone. |
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3 L. annamensis |
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| 4 (1) |
Sori linear or merged into linear coenosori when mature |
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(5) |
| + |
Sori orbicular or elliptic, separate |
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(8) |
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| 5 (4) |
Sori a pair of continuous linear coenosori each within a longitudinal groove alongside midrib; lamina linear. |
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5 L. miyoshianus |
| + |
Sori superficial, not inserted within any grooves, often discontinuous toward base of lamina; lamina lanceolate |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Rhizome scales 1-1.3 x 0.3-0.45 mm; sori linear, tip of fertile lamina abruptly narrowed. |
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4 L. sinensis |
| + |
Rhizome scales 2-4 x 0.7-1 mm; sori initially separate, confluent into interrupted coenosori when mature, tip of fertile lamina more gradually narrowed |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Lamina 0.4-0.8 cm wide; paraphyses with margins colorless, entire or erose. |
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22 L. subconfluens |
| + |
Lamina 1-2.5 cm wide; paraphyses with margins brown and spiny. |
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24 L. confluens |
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| 8 (4) |
Rhizome long creeping, wirelike, to 1 mm in diam.; lamina 0.3-1.5 cm in width |
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(9) |
| + |
Rhizome shortly to long creeping, not wirelike, (1-)1.5-4 mm in diam.; lamina lanceolate to linear lanceolate, margin entire, auriculate or laminae hastate, width various |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Paraphyses to 0.2 mm in diam., very thick, with almost opaque lumina. |
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6 L. ussuriensis |
| + |
Paraphyses 0.3-0.5 mm in diam., very thin, with transparent square lumina. |
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7 L. pseudoussuriensis |
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| 10 (8) |
Rhizome scales opaque in center, never spreading |
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(11) |
| + |
Rhizome scales translucent or transparent in center, spreading or adpressed |
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(28) |
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| 11 (10) |
Rhizome shortly creeping, leaves caespitose. |
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8 L. tosaensis |
| + |
Rhizome long creeping, leaves remote |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Lamina linear-lanceolate, 2-5 mm wide, margin strongly revolute, protruding where covering sori so frond like a string of beads (moniliform) |
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(13) |
| + |
Lamina linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, more than 5 mm in width, rarely less than 5 mm, margin not or only slightly revolute and lamina never moniliform |
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(14) |
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| 13 (12) |
Lamina to 15 cm; paraphyses with lumina dense and opaque. |
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9 L. lewisii |
| + |
Lamina more than 20 cm; paraphyses with lumina square and transparent |
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10 L. monilisorus |
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| 14 (12) |
Paraphyses stellate, lumina dense; rhizome scales without paler margins |
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(15) |
| + |
Paraphyses orbicular, lumina dense or square; rhizome scales with paler margins |
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(17) |
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| 15 (14) |
Laminae loriform, 40-70 cm, widest at middle. |
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23 L. medogensis |
| + |
Laminae lanceolate, less than 30 cm, widest 1/3-1/2 of length from base |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Sori confluent, lamina apex constricted; rhizome scales transparent. |
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24 L. confluens |
| + |
Sori separate, lamina apex not constricted; rhizome scales opaque. |
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25 L. sordidus |
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| 17 (14) |
Stipe base dark; scales thick; lamina sometimes moniliform due to protruding sori |
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(18) |
| + |
Stipe base straw-colored or chestnut-brown; scales brown to dark brown, thin; lamina not moniliform |
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(19) |
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| 18 (17) |
Lamina linear-lanceolate, apex not constricted. |
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11 L. heterolepis |
| + |
Lamina lanceolate, apex constricted, sori restricted to constricted part |
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12 L. luchunensis |
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| 19 (17) |
Rhizome scales glossy; lumina of paraphyses square. |
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13 L. lineariformis |
| + |
Rhizome scales dull and not iridescent; lumina of paraphyses small and polygonal |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Stipes mostly chestnut-brown; paraphyses 0.15-0.30 mm in diam.. |
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14 L. obscurevenulosus |
| + |
Stipes straw-colored; paraphyses more than 0.3 mm in diam |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Lamina broadly lanceolate, abaxial surface distinctly scaly; rhizome thick, scales dark brown |
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(22) |
| + |
Lamina lanceolate, leaf indument often absent; rhizome much slender, scales brown |
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(23) |
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| 22 (21) |
Lamina widest at middle, abaxial surface densely scaly; sori costular, close to each other. |
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15 L. oligolepidus |
| + |
Lamina widest at lower 1/3, abaxial surface more sparsely scaly; sori medial and remote. |
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16 L. suboligolepidus |
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| 23 (21) |
Rhizome scales ovate-lanceolate, with only a narrow opaque band in center, otherwise transparent |
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(24) |
| + |
Rhizome scales lanceolate, with a broad opaque band in center part and narrow transparent margins |
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(25) |
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| 24 (23) |
Scales yellow-brown, spreading, only with a narrow opaque band at center |
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17 L. elegans |
| + |
Scales brown, imbricate, with opaque band. |
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18 L. contortus |
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| 25 (23) |
Rhizome scales chestnut to black in center, margins serrate; distal sori often confluent. |
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22 L. subconfluens |
| + |
Rhizome scales brown in center, margins entire or denticulate; sori not confluent |
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(26) |
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| 26 (25) |
Rhizome scale apex not filiform; lamina widest below middle. |
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19 L. thunbergianus |
| + |
Rhizome scale apex long and filiform; lamina widest at middle |
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(27) |
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| 27 (26) |
Lamina linear, 0.3-0.5 cm wide. |
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20 L. angustus |
| + |
Lamina lanceolate, 0.5-1.8 cm wide. |
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21 L. tibeticus |
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| 28 (10) |
Rhizome scales with lumina dense and translucent, margin entire, rarely denticulate; paraphyses orbicular |
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(29) |
| + |
Rhizome scales lanceolate, transparent, clathrate, margin denticulate; paraphyses stellate or lanceolate |
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(40) |
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| 29 (28) |
Rhizome scales lanceolate, persistent, with distinctly paler margins; plants summer green |
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(30) |
| + |
Rhizome scales ovate or lanceolate, caducous, or if scales persistent then lamina to 4 cm wide, scales not distinctly bicolored; plants evergreen |
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(32) |
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| 30 (29) |
Rhizome scales with orbicular base and acute apex, closely appressed to rhizome, 1-2 mm, not overlapping, rhizome surface exposed, white farinose. |
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35 L. bicolor |
| + |
Rhizome scales gradually acuminate, overlapping, 2.5-4 mm, rhizome surface hidden |
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(31) |
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| 31 (30) |
Rhizome scales lanceolate, distinctly bicolored, dark brown center contrasting with white margins. |
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36 L. morrisonensis |
| + |
Rhizome scales broadly lanceolate, margin only slightly paler than center. |
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37 L. scolopendrium |
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| 32 (29) |
Rhizome scales ovate to acuminately ovate, margin entire, lumina isodiametric |
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(33) |
| + |
Rhizome scales lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, margin entire or denticulate, lumina rectangular, rarely isodiametric |
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(36) |
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| 33 (32) |
Sori submarginal; scales ovate, thin, 2-3 mm. |
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26 L. macrosphaerus |
| + |
Sori subcostular or medial; scales ovate to acuminately ovate, thick, less than 2 mm |
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(34) |
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| 34 (33) |
Sori small, close, medial or subcostular, generally extending to below middle of lamina; lamina margins undulate when dry. |
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27 L. marginatus |
| + |
Sori large, distant, medial, generally not extending below middle of lamina; lamina margins not undulate when dry |
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(35) |
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| 35 (34) |
Lamina 1.5-4 cm wide; rhizome scales 1.2-2 x 1-1.3 mm; paraphyses brown. |
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28 L. asterolepis |
| + |
Lamina 1-2 cm wide; rhizome scales ca. 1 x 1 mm; paraphyses pale brown. |
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29 L. kawakamii |
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| 36 (32) |
Rhizome scales ovate-lanceolate, margin denticulate; leaves widest at base. |
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30 L. megasorus |
| + |
Rhizome scales lanceolate, margin entire; leaves widest at or below middle |
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(37) |
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| 37 (36) |
Lamina more than 4 cm wide; rhizome scales pale brown. |
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31 L. kuchenensis |
| + |
Lamina 1-3 cm wide; rhizome scales brown to dark brown |
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(38) |
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| 38 (37) |
Rhizome scale margin yellow-brown, center dark brown, central lumina small and square. |
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32 L. subsessilis |
| + |
Rhizome scale margin pale brown, center brown, central lumina large and rectangular |
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(39) |
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| 39 (38) |
Sori nearer costa; leaves less than 30 cm; rhizome 1.5-2 mm in diam.. |
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33 L. nudus |
| + |
Sori nearer margin; leaves up to 65 cm; rhizome 2-4 mm in diam.. |
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34 L. affinis |
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| 40 (28) |
Paraphyses stellate, small in diam., lumina small, often opaque; lamina leathery, evergreen, venation hidden, young leaves always red or with red costa |
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(41) |
| + |
Paraphyses lanceolate, rhomboidal or deeply stellate, margin spiny, lumina uniformly large and transparent; lamina membranous, summer green, venation distinct, lamina never red or partly red |
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(45) |
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| 41 (40) |
Lamina linear, less than 5 mm wide, margin strongly revolute, protruding around mature sori so frond moniliform; paraphyses opaque. |
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38 L. eilophyllus |
| + |
Lamina linear, or lanceolate, (2-)10-20 mm wide, margin straight, not revolute; paraphyses transparent or opaque |
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(42) |
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| 42 (41) |
Lamina loriform; sori marginal. |
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39 L. loriformis |
| + |
Lamina lanceolate; sori medial |
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(43) |
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| 43 (42) |
Lamina broadly lanceolate, 2-5 cm wide. |
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40 L. sublinearis |
| + |
Lamina lanceolate, less than 2 cm wide |
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(44) |
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| 44 (43) |
Rhizome erect; leaves clustered. |
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41 L. cespitosus |
| + |
Rhizome creeping; leaves remote. |
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42 L. pseudonudus |
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| 45 (40) |
Sporangia with broad, unthickened platygyroid annulus, indehiscent |
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(46) |
| + |
Sporangia with normal, narrow, thickened annulus cells |
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(47) |
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| 46 (45) |
Lamina lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, never enlarged at base. |
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48 L. clathratus |
| + |
Lamina hastate, pedatifid, or auriculate at base, sometimes only some fronds enlarged at base. |
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49 L. waltonii |
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| 47 (45) |
Rhizome scales lanceolate, 3.5-7 x 0.7-1.2 mm at base, 2.5-6 as long as wide; areoles oblong or irregularly elongated, longer than wide |
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(48) |
| + |
Rhizome scales broadly lanceolate, 1.8-2.5 x 0.8-1.5 mm, less than 2.5 as long as wide; areoles polygonal, as long as wide |
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(50) |
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| 48 (47) |
Rhizome with both hairs and scales, ca. 4 mm in diam.; lamina thick, 1.9-2 cm wide |
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43 L. tricholepis |
| + |
Rhizome with few or no hairs, 1.5-3 mm in diam.; lamina 0.8-1.5 cm wide |
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(49) |
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| 49 (48) |
Lamina membranous or thinly herbaceous, narrowly lanceolate; rhizome scales black, iridescent, 3.5-7 x 0.7-1 mm. |
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48 L. clathratus |
| + |
Lamina thickly papery, lanceolate; rhizome scales brown, brittle, 3-3.5 x 0.9-1.2 mm. |
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44 L. crassipes |
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| 50 (47) |
Lamina 5-14 x 0.4-1.2 cm; rhizome scales < 2 x 1 mm, paraphysis margins with long thick curved spines. |
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45 L. albertii |
| + |
Lamina > 14 x 1-2 cm; rhizome scales 2-2.5 x 1.1-1.5 mm, paraphysis margins not like above |
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(51) |
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| 51 (50) |
Lamina papery or membranous, both surfaces brown, pale brown or pale green when dried, stipe 2-10 cm; paraphyses 0.4-0.5 mm, 2-3 as long as wide |
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46 L. thaipaiensis |
| + |
Lamina thickly papery to thinly leathery, abaxially gray-green, adaxially yellow- or dark green, or both surfaces light green when dried, stipe 0.4-5 cm; paraphyses 0.8-1 mm, as long as wide. |
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47 L. likiangensis |
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