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FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 15 | Oleaceae

9. Ligustrum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 7. 1753.

女贞属 nu zhen shu

Parasyringa W. W. Smith.

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous or evergreen. Leaves opposite, simple, short petiolate; leaf blade entire. Inflorescences terminal panicles of cymes, rarely lateral. Flowers bisexual, sessile or pedicellate. Calyx campanulate, truncate or 4-toothed, persistent. Corolla white, rotate, funnelform, or salverform, 4-lobed; lobes ca. as long as or shorter than corolla tube, valvate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted at mouth of corolla tube, included or exserted; anthers yellow or sometimes purple, oblong. Ovules 2 in each locule, pendulous. Style shorter than stamens; stigma 2-cleft. Fruit a berrylike drupe with membranous or papery endocarp, rarely drupaceous or loculicidal. Seeds 1-4; endosperm fleshy; radicle short, upward.

About 45 species: Asia, Australia, Europe; 27 species in China. Ligustrum japonicum Thunberg and L. ovalifolium Hasskarl, native to Japan and S Korea, are widely cultivated in China. No material of L. matsudae Kanehira ex Shimizu & Kao and L. seisuiense Shimizu & Kao, both described from Taiwan, has been seen.


1 Fruit eventually dehiscent   1 Ligustrum sempervirens
+ Fruit indehiscent.   (2)
       
2 (1) Leaf blade obovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5.5-8 cm   2 Ligustrum obovatilimbum
+ Leaf blade of a different shape, length various.   (3)
       
3 (2) Corolla tube ca. 2 × as long as lobes or longer.   (4)
+ Corolla tube ca. as long as lobes or slightly shorter.   (14)
       
4 (3) Leaves 4-5 × as long as broad, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic   18 Ligustrum angustum
+ Leaves 1-3 × as long as broad, with a different range of shapes.   (5)
       
5 (4) Inflorescences (1-)3-flowered; primary veins 1-3 on each side of midrib   19 Ligustrum morrisonense
+ Inflorescences many flowered; primary veins more than 3 on each side of midrib.   (6)
       
6 (5) Fruit reniform, obviously curved   20 Ligustrum henryi
+ Fruit neither reniform nor curved.   (7)
       
7 (6) Inflorescences 10-18 × 8-16 cm   27 Ligustrum expansum
+ Inflorescences 1-8 × 1-4 cm.   (8)
       
8 (7) Inflorescences open, somewhat paniculate, 2-8 × 1.5-4 cm.   (9)
+ Inflorescences dense, ± cylindric, 1-5.5 × 1-3 cm.   (11)
       
9 (8) Leaf apex long acuminate, blade lanceolate, elliptic, or often narrowly so   22 Ligustrum pedunculare
+ Leaf apex acute to slightly acuminate or retuse, blade ovate-orbicular to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong to broadly elliptic.   (10)
       
10 (9) Inflorescence rachis glabrous; pedicel 1-3 mm; primary leaf veins usually obscure adaxially   23 Ligustrum pricei
+ Inflorescence rachis densely pubescent; pedicel 0-1 mm; primary leaf veins obviously sunken adaxially   (8)
       
11 (8) Corolla 12-16 mm; anthers 4-5 mm   26 Ligustrum longitubum
+ Corolla 4-11 mm; anthers 1.5-3 mm.   (12)
       
12 (11) Leaf blade ± leathery, glabrous abaxially, veins usually obscure on both surfaces   21 Ligustrum delavayanum
+ Leaf blade papery, hairy abaxially, especially on midrib, or glabrous.   (13)
       
13 (12) Leaf blade 0.8-6 0.4-2.5 cm, obtuse to acute   24 Ligustrum obtusifolium
+ Leaf blade 4-7(-10) 2-3(-4.5) cm, acute to slightly acuminate   25 Ligustrum leucanthum
       
14 (3) Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, rarely elliptic-lanceolate, 3-8(-25) mm broad   3 Ligustrum gracile
+ Leaf blade of a different combination of characters.   (15)
       
15 (14) Leaf apex usually retuse, rounded, or obtuse; leaf blade 1-4(-6.5) cm, with (2 or)3 or 4(or 5) primary veins each side of midrib.   (16)
+ Leaf apex acute to long acuminate; leaf blade (2-)4-17 cm, with more than 4 primary veins on each side of midrib.   (21)
       
16 (15) Inflorescence branches narrowly contracted, 2-5 × longer than broad   4 Ligustrum quihoui
+ Inflorescences lax, 1-2 × as long as broad.   (17)
       
17 (16) Petiole 6-12 mm; leaf blade (2.5-)3-6.5 cm   6 Ligustrum amamianum
+ Petiole 0-5 mm; leaf blade 1-4 cm.   (18)
       
18 (17) Pedicel slender, less than 0.5 mm thick, (1-)1.5-4 mm   7 Ligustrum tenuipes
+ Pedicel stoutish, ca. 0.5 mm thick, 0-2 mm.   (19)
       
19 (18) Leaves broadest at upper third, obovate-elliptic to obovate-orbicular   9 Ligustrum retusum
+ Leaves broadest at middle, ovate, elliptic-oblong, ovate-elliptic, or suborbicular.   (20)
       
20 (19) Petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade 1.5-2 cm broad; fruit obovoid, slightly curved   8 Ligustrum strongylophyllum
+ Petiole 0-2 mm; leaf blade 0.8-1.2 cm broad; fruit subglobose   5 Ligustrum punctifolium
       
21 (15) Primary veins (6-)9-15 on each side of midrib   11 Ligustrum compactum
+ Primary veins 4-11 on each side of midrib.   (22)
       
22 (21) Fruit curved, reniform or long obovoid.   (23)
+ Fruit usually not curved.   (24)
       
23 (22) Branchlets, rachis, and pedicels hairy; leaf blade papery   12 Ligustrum robustum subsp. chinense
+ Branchlets, rachis, and pedicels glabrous; leaf blade leathery (papery in f. latifolium)   13 Ligustrum lucidum
       
24 (22) Inflorescence rachis glabrous or nearly so; fruit usually ellipsoid   14 Ligustrum lianum
+ Inflorescence rachis ± hairy; fruit subglobose or ellipsoid.   (25)
       
25 (24) Leaf blade thick leathery.   (26)
+ Leaf blade papery to thin leathery, rarely leathery.   (27)
       
26 (26) Leaf blade ca. 2 × as long as broad; inflorescence rachis densely pubescent; pedicel 0-1 mm   (26)
+ Leaf blade 3-4 × as long as broad; inflorescence rachis puberulent; pedicel 1-2 mm   15 Ligustrum yunguiense
       
27 (25) Leaf blade glabrous or occasionally pubescent only along midrib adaxially, ovate to elliptic; pedicel 0-1 mm   16 Ligustrum confusum
+ Leaf blade ± hairy, if glabrous, then blade lanceolate and inflorescences axillary or terminal; pedicel 1-5 mm   17 Ligustrum sinense

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