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4. Lindsaea Dryander ex Smith, Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. (Turin). 5: 413. 1793.
鳞始蕨属 lin shi jue shu
Authors: Shiyong Dong, Sujuan Lin & Julie Barcelona
Lindsaya Kaulfuss; Schizolegnia Alston; Schizoloma Gaudichaud; Synaphlebium J. Smith.
Plants terrestrial, climbing or epiphytic. Rhizomes creeping with a Lindsaea-type protostele (differs from a true protostele by presence of a central core of phloem within xylem mass usually concentrated on dorsal side of rhizome), covered with subulate scales or acicular hairs or both. Fronds approximate or distant; stipe short, stramineous or castaneous, shallowly sulcate adaxially, glabrous; lamina 1- or 2-pinnate or pinnatifid, gradually narrowed toward apex, rarely with a terminal pinna, herbaceous to papery; rachis widely sulcate, abaxially keeled; ultimate pinnules or segments usually dimidiate or flabellate; veins free or anastomosing in a few species. Sori marginal or submarginal, linear, terminal on 2 to many uniting veins, or rarely orbicular and terminal on a single vein; annulus consisting of 9-17 thickened cells; indusia linear or oblong, usually attached only at base. Spores usually tetrahedral-globose and trilete.
About 200 species: tropical and subtropical areas, extending north to Japan and south to S Brazil, Australia, and New Zealand; 13 species (one endemic) in China.
Lindsaea kawabatae Kurata (J. Geobot. 13: 100. 1965), recorded from Taiwan, could not be treated here because no material was seen by the present authors. For more details, see Knapp (Ferns Fern Allies Taiwan, 93-95. 2011), who distinguished it from other Taiwanese species by the very small narrowly cuneate pinnules.
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| 1 |
Plants epiphytic; rhizomes long creeping, scandent; scales on rachis lanceolate, with 6-12 rows of cells at base. |
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1 L. merrillii |
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Plants terrestrial; rhizomes shortly creeping, rarely long creeping, not scandent; scales on rachis very narrow, with 1-6(-8) rows of cells at base |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Lamina 1- or 2-pinnate, if 2-pinnate then only 1-3(-5) pairs of lower pinnae pinnate, middle and upper pinnae not lobed |
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(3) |
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Lamina 1-3(or 4)-pinnate, if decompound then all lateral pinnae 1- or 2-pinnate |
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(5) |
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| 3 (2) |
Veins free; lamina deltoid-lanceolate. |
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2 L. javanensis |
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Veins anastomosing; lamina oblong |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Lamina 1-pinnate, terminal pinna similar to lateral ones. |
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3 L. ensifolia |
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Lamina 1- or 2-pinnate, without a terminal pinna, upper pinnae gradually becoming smaller into a coadunate apex. |
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4 L. heterophylla |
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| 5 (2) |
Veins anastomosing |
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(6) |
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Veins free |
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(8) |
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| 6 (5) |
Rhizome scales very narrow, 1 or 2 cells wide at base; pinnules lobed on upper margin, reaching to 1/3-1/2 pinnule width, incisions 1-1.5 mm deep; lobes rounded at apex. |
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5 L. hainaniana |
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Rhizome scales lanceolate or triangular, 4-8 cells wide at base; pinnules shallowly lobed on upper margin, incisions usually less than 1 mm deep; lobes or pinnules straight or nearly so on upper margin |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Pinnules obtuse-acuminate at apex, upper margin of fertile lobes entire; sori continuous or nearly so. |
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6 L. cultrata |
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Pinnules rounded or subtruncate at apex, upper margin of fertile lobes erose; sori distinctly interrupted by incisions. |
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7 L. obtusa |
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| 8 (5) |
Lamina 1-pinnate, linear, less than 3 cm wide |
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(9) |
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Lamina 2- or 3-pinnate, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or deltoid-lanceolate, over 10 cm wide |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Stipes usually stramineous; pinnae rhomboid or semi-ovate; sori interrupted. |
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8 L. lucida |
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Stipes usually castaneous; pinnae flabellate or semi-orbicular; sori continuous. |
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9 L. orbiculata |
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| 10 (8) |
Sori usually terminal on a single vein, subrounded (orbicular?), two sori rarely closed or connected |
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(11) |
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Sori terminal on 2 or more veins |
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(12) |
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| 11 (10) |
Lamina 1- or 2-pinnate with a large terminal pinna; ultimate pinnules rhomboid or cuneate. |
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10 L. chingii |
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Lamina 3- or 4-pinnate, pinnatifid and gradually narrowed toward apex; ultimate pinnules linear. |
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11 L. eberhardtii |
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| 12 (10) |
Terminal pinnae similar to lateral pinnae; lateral pinnae clearly stalked, stalks 5-15 mm; pinnules all or partly catadromous. |
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12 L. austrosinica |
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Terminal pinnae absent or present, if present then much larger than lateral ones; lateral pinnae sessile or shortly stalked (less than 2 mm); pinnules usually anadromous |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Distal part of lamina abruptly narrowed and caudate, or lamina with a large terminal pinna; terminal pinnules usually entire; sori continuous or nearly so. |
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9 L. orbiculata |
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Distal part of lamina gradually narrowed and acuminate, terminal pinnae absent; terminal pinnules distinctly lobed; sori interrupted. |
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13 L. chienii |
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List of lower taxa
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