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5. Oreocharis Bentham in Bentham & J. D. Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 1021. 1876.
马铃苣苔属 ma ling ju tai shu
Dasydesmus Craib; Perantha Craib.
Herbs, perennial, epipetric, rarely terrestrial, rhizomatous, stemless. Leaves many, basal; leaf blade puberulent to woolly, rarely glabrous or glabrescent, base cuneate to subcordate. Inflorescences sometimes umbel-like, lax or dense, axillary, 1- to many-flowered cymes; bracts 2, rarely apparently absent or 3, opposite, rarely whorled. Calyx actinomorphic, 5-sect from base; segments equal. Corolla purple to blue or white or yellow to red, zygomorphic, inside glabrous or puberulent; tube campanulate-cylindric to broadly tubular, sometimes ampliate basally, throat sometimes constricted, 1-4 X longer than limb, 2-8(-12) mm in diam.; limb slightly 2-lipped to 2-lipped; adaxial lip 2-lobed, slightly shorter than to nearly as long as abaxial lip; abaxial lip 3-lobed to 3-sect, lobes equal or subequal, apex rounded to acute. Stamens 4, adnate to corolla tube near base to near middle, included, rarely exserted; anthers basifixed, rarely dorsifixed, free, thecae parallel, not confluent, seldom horseshoe-shaped, then thecae divaricate and confluent at apex, dehiscing longitudinally, rarely transversely; connective not projecting; staminode 1, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube, rarely absent. Disc ringlike. Ovary oblong, 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal, projecting inward, 2-cleft. Stigmas 2, equal, oblate, undivided or rarely 2-lobed, or stigma 1, terminal, oblate to capitate, undivided. Capsule straight in relation to pedicel, oblanceolate-oblong to oblong, much longer than calyx, dehiscing loculicidally to base; valves 2, straight, not twisted. Seeds unappendaged.
About 28 species: southern China, Thailand, Vietnam; 27 species in China.
Oreocharis rhytidophylla C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li, which is compared to and discussed under O. benthamii var. reticulata Dunn, is omitted from this treatment because it is known only from fruiting specimens and thus cannot be placed in Pan's sectional classification (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 264-293. 1987). Using only vegetative or fruit characters, it cannot be placed definitively in Oreocharis, since other genera (e.g., Tremacron, Isometrum, and Ancylostemon) are virtually indistinguishable in those characters.
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1 |
Anthers horseshoe-shaped, 1-loculed, transversely dehiscent; cymes umbel-like, 3-7-flowered |
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27 Oreocharis flavida |
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Anthers broadly oblong, 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent; cymes cymose, rarely nearly umbel-like, (1-)4- to many flowered. |
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(2) |
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2 (1) |
Leaf blade nearly as broad as long, broadly ovate to orbicular or nearly rhombic, to 4(-6) cm; cymes 1-4-flowered. |
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(3) |
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Leaf blade usually at least 1.5 X longer than broad, lanceolate to elliptic, oblong, ovate, or obovate, rarely broadly ovate then (1.7-)3-17 cm and cymes 1-10-flowered. |
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(5) |
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3 (2) |
Leaf blade abaxially villous to woolly, 2.5-6 X 2-4.8 cm, margin coarsely dentate to coarsely crenate or serrate, sometimes also denticulate, apex acute, rarely rounded; stamens adnate to corolla 10-12 mm above base |
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7 Oreocharis dentata |
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Leaf blade abaxially sparsely to densely pubescent, 1.2-3.2 X 1.4-2.5 cm, margin shallowly crenate to subentire, apex rounded; stamens adnate to corolla 1-3 mm above base. |
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(4) |
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4 (3) |
Leaf blade orbicular, 1.2-2.4 X 1.4-2.2 cm, base cordate; peduncle ca. 7.5 cm; corolla 2.7-3.8 cm, tube cylindric, narrowing toward throat; stamens 5-5.5 mm; pistil 2-5 mm |
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11 Oreocharis rotundifolia |
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Leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 2-3.2 X 1.8-2.5 cm, base slightly oblique, rounded to broadly cuneate; peduncle 10-15(-22) cm; corolla ca. 1.6 cm, tube campanulate-tubular; stamens 15-18 mm; pistil 2-2.5 cm |
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17 Oreocharis cavaleriei |
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5 (2) |
Corolla tube narrowing toward mouth, usually distinctly 2-lipped, rarely slightly 2-lipped (unknown in O. amabilis and O. obliqua). |
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(6) |
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Corolla tube cylindric or gradually ampliate from base to mouth, usually barely to slightly 2-lipped, occasionally distinctly 2-lipped. |
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(18) |
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6 (5) |
Bracts early deciduous, 0.5-2 mm; peduncle translucent to purple-red glandular pubescent, glabrescent. |
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(7) |
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Bracts persistent, 1.5-16 mm; peduncle usually brownish pubescent to woolly. |
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(9) |
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7 (6) |
Leaf blade glabrous adaxially; corolla 1.3-1.6 cm, abaxial lip lobes 3-4.5 mm |
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9 Oreocharis minor |
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Leaf blade adaxially densely appressed pubescent; corolla 1.6-2.5 cm, abaxial lip lobes 6-8 mm. |
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(8) |
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8 (7) |
Pistil glabrous |
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6 Oreocharis aurantiaca |
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Pistil glandular pubescent |
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8 Oreocharis cordatula |
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9 (6) |
Corolla limb slightly 2-lipped; stamens adnate to corolla 7-10 mm above base, filaments flattened, broadest near apex; indument on most of plant jointed villous |
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14 Oreocharis heterandra |
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Corolla limb distinctly 2-lipped; stamens adnate to corolla 0.5-6 mm above base, filaments slender or flattened; indument puberulent to woolly, not jointed. |
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(10) |
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10 (9) |
Petiole and leaf blade abaxially villous, at least along veins of young leaves; corolla adaxial lobes 1-4 mm. |
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(11) |
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Petiole and leaf blade abaxially woolly at least along veins; corolla adaxial lobes 4-10 mm. |
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(14) |
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11 (10) |
Calyx segments 2-5 mm; corolla adaxial lobes 1-3 mm. |
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(12) |
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Calyx segments 5-8 mm; corolla adaxial lobes 3.5-4 mm (unknown in O. obliqua). |
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(13) |
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12 (11) |
Petiole to 9 cm; leaf blade 2-9 X 0.8-3.5 cm; peduncle and bracts rust-brown villous |
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10 Oreocharis georgei |
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Petiole to 4 cm; leaf blade 3-15.5 X 1.5-6.5 cm; peduncle and bracts sparsely to densely rust-brown villous and pubescent |
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16 Oreocharis forrestii |
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13 (11) |
Stamens ca. 1 cm, filaments glabrous; peduncle 7.5-10 cm; leaf blade apex acute to acuminate |
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13 Oreocharis obliqua |
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Stamens 4-5 mm, filaments white villous or sparsely pubescent near apex; peduncle 12-40 cm; leaf blade apex acute |
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12 Oreocharis aurea |
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14 (10) |
Leaf blade lanceolate, 2.5-4 X longer than broad, abaxially densely rust-brown woolly |
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5 Oreocharis cinnamomea |
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Leaf blade lanceolate-oblong to oblong, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, less than 2.5 X longer than broad, abaxially densely pale brown woolly or glabrescent to pubescent between veins, woolly along veins. |
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(15) |
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15 (14) |
Leaf blade 1.5-5.5 X 1-2.5 cm. |
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(16) |
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Leaf blade 2-15 X 1-7 cm. |
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(17) |
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16 (15) |
Leaf blade abaxially densely pale brown woolly; bracts 5-12 X 2-6 mm |
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1 Oreocharis amabilis |
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Leaf blade abaxially densely brown woolly along veins, pubescent between; bracts 3-4 X 0.5-1 mm |
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3 Oreocharis nemoralis |
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17 (15) |
Corolla white to pale purple, ca. 1.2 cm, outside sparsely puberulent; bracts ovate, 1.5-3.5 mm wide; stamens 4.5-6.5 mm; staminode ca. 1.2 mm |
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4 Oreocharis magnidens |
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Corolla purple, 1.6-2.8 cm, outside sparsely pubescent; bracts linear to narrowly ovate, 0.8-2 mm wide; stamens 7-10 mm; staminode 3-3.5 mm |
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2 Oreocharis auricula |
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18 (5) |
Leaf blade adaxially with at least some villous indument. |
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(19) |
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Leaf blade adaxially pubescent to puberulent or glabrescent. |
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(22) |
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19 (18) |
Leaf blade with only villous indument on both surfaces, apex acute to acuminate; bract margin sometimes sparsely dentate |
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13 Oreocharis obliqua |
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Leaf blade both villous and pubescent, at least abaxially, apex acute to rounded; bract margin entire. |
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(20) |
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20 (19) |
Leaf blade margin serrulate or crenate-serrate; bracts 2-3 X 0.5-1 mm; petiole to 14.5 cm; corolla orange-red, outside pubescent; stamens adnate to corolla 4-6 mm above base |
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19 Oreocharis dasyantha |
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Leaf blade margin coarsely double crenate or dentate to serrate; bracts 3-8 X 1-2 mm; petiole to 6.5 cm; corolla yellow, outside glabrous or glandular puberulent; stamens adnate to corolla 1-3 mm above base. |
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(21) |
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21 (20) |
Leaf blade oblanceolate to narrowly ovate, 3-15.5 X 1.5-6.5 cm, base cuneate to broadly cuneate; lateral veins 7-11 on each side of midrib; bracts 4-8 mm; corolla abaxial lip lobes 3-5 X 2-4 mm; stamens 2.5-4 mm, filaments glabrous; pistil ca. 4 mm |
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16 Oreocharis forrestii |
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Leaf blade elliptic to ovate, 1.4-6 X 0.6-3.5 cm, base broadly cuneate to cordate; lateral veins 4 or 5 on each side of midrib; bracts 3-4 mm; corolla abaxial lip lobes 6-9 X 5-7 mm; stamens 10-14 mm, filaments glandular pubescent; pistil ca. 1.4 cm |
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18 Oreocharis delavayi |
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22 (18) |
Leaf blade lanceolate-oblong to oblong, 2.5-5.5 X 1-2.4 cm; bracts 2-6 mm wide |
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1 Oreocharis amabilis |
+ |
Leaf blade ovate to elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ovate-orbicular, rarely narrowly oblong, (1.7-)3-17 X 0.8-8 cm; bracts 1-2 mm wide. |
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(23) |
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23 (22) |
Peduncle red to purple glandular pubescent to villous; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, abaxially densely light brown pannose; lateral veins indistinct; corolla limb 2-lipped; stamens ca. 4 mm; pistil 5-8 mm |
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15 Oreocharis henryana |
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Peduncle brown to whitish villous or woolly to pubescent, leaf blade ovate, elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, to ovate-orbicular, abaxially villous or woolly, usually also pubescent; lateral veins adaxially distinct or prominent, rarely indistinct; corolla limb slightly or barely 2-lipped; stamens 5-18 mm; pistil 9-25 mm (unknown in O. obliqua). |
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(24) |
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24 (23) |
Leaf blade adaxially sparsely villous to glabrescent |
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13 Oreocharis obliqua |
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Leaf blade adaxially pubescent or pubescent and villous. |
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(25) |
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25 (24) |
Corolla yellow; disc 2-4 mm, deeply 5-lobed to 5-sect from base; stamens 1.3-1.8 cm, filaments sparsely pubescent, villous basally, anther connective sparsely pubescent to pubescent. |
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(26) |
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Corolla purple to blue, pink, lavender, orange-red, or greenish; disc 0.8-1.3 mm, entire to shallowly 5-lobed; stamens 0.5-1.3 cm, filaments glabrous to pubescent, anther connective glabrous, rarely puberulent. |
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(27) |
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26 (25) |
Bracts 5-10 mm; calyx segments 6-12 mm |
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25 Oreocharis bodinieri |
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Bracts 2-5 mm; calyx segments 4-7 mm |
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26 Oreocharis tubicella |
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27 (25) |
Leaf blade 3-9 X 1.5-4.5 cm; lateral veins indistinct or distinct; petiole to 4.5 cm. |
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(28) |
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Leaf blade (1.7-)3-17 X 1.5-8 cm; lateral veins distinct to prominent; petiole to 14.5 cm. |
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(29) |
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28 (27) |
Corolla tube 4-7 mm wide, adaxial lip shallowly 2-lobed, lobes 1.2-3 X 2-3 mm; bracts 1.5-5 mm; calyx segments 2-3 mm |
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22 Oreocharis tubiflora |
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Corolla tube 7-10 mm wide, adaxial lip 2-lobed from near base, lobes 3-5 X 4-5 mm; bracts 4-9 mm; calyx segments 4-7 mm |
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23 Oreocharis maximowiczii |
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29 (27) |
Bracts 2-3 mm; corolla orange-red, tube campanulate; stigmas 2, equal, suborbicular |
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19 Oreocharis dasyantha |
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Bracts 4-13 mm; corolla purple to blue, purple red, pinkish, or greenish, tube nearly cylindric or broadly tubular to narrowly funnelform; stigma 1, disc-shaped. |
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(30) |
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30 (29) |
Leaf blade abaxially densely appressed pubescent, apex acute to acuminate; corolla 1.8-2.3 cm |
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20 Oreocharis argyreia |
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Leaf blade abaxially sparsely to densely pubescent or densely woolly, veins woolly, apex rounded to acute; corolla 0.7-1.6 cm. |
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(31) |
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31 (30) |
Bracts 6-12 mm; corolla tube nearly cylindric, gradually slightly ampliate from base to mouth, adaxial lip 2-lobed from near middle |
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21 Oreocharis xiangguiensis |
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Bracts 4-8 mm; corolla tube broadly tubular to narrowly funnelform, gradually ampliate from base to mouth, adaxial lip 2-lobed from near base |
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24 Oreocharis benthamii |
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List of lower taxa
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