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27. Petrocosmea Oliver, Hooker's Icon. Pl. 18: t. 1716. 1887.
石蝴蝶属 shi hu die shu
Vaniotia H. Léveillé.
Herbs, perennial, terrestrial or epipetric, rhizomatous, stemless. Leaves few to many, basal; leaf blade puberulent to pilose, rarely sericeous or velutinous, base cuneate to cordate, rarely peltate. Inflorescences usually lax, rarely subumbel-like, axillary, 1-4(-7)-flowered cymes; bracts usually 2, opposite or alternate. Calyx actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic, 5-sect from base, rarely 3-lobed to 3-sect from base; segments equal, rarely unequal. Corolla blue to purple or white, zygomorphic, inside glabrous, sometimes puberulent; tube broadly tubular, not swollen, shorter than limb, 2-5 mm in diam.; limb 2-lipped; adaxial lip 2-lobed, equalling or much shorter than abaxial lip; abaxial lip 3-lobed, lobes equal or subequal, apex rounded. Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near base, included; anthers basifixed, coherent at apex, thecae parallel, confluent at apex or not, dehiscing longitudinally; connective not projecting; staminodes (absent or 1-)3, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube. Disc absent. Ovary conical to broadly ovoid, 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal, projecting inward, 2-cleft. Stigma 1, terminal, capitate, often nearly globose, undivided. Capsule straight in relation to pedicel, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong to ovoid, nearly as long as calyx, dehiscing loculicidally to base; valves 2, straight, not twisted. Seeds unappendaged.
Twenty-seven species: China, NE India, Myanmar, Thailand, S Vietnam; 24 species in China.
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| 1 |
Anthers constricted near apex, forming a short thick beak. |
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(2) |
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Anthers not constricted near apex. |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Calyx zygomorphic, 3-parted or 3-sect |
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24 Petrocosmea kerrii |
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Calyx actinomorphic, 5-sect. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade 7.5-8.5 cm; bracts subulate to lanceolate, 3-4 mm; corolla black at throat, not purple at base, sparsely puberulent outside, scaly inside |
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22 Petrocosmea menglianensis |
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Leaf blade 8-17.5 cm; bracts ovate to lanceolate, 5-12 mm; corolla not black at throat, dark purple adaxially near base, glabrous outside, densely minutely yellow glandular and sparsely pubescent below abaxial lip inside |
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23 Petrocosmea grandifolia |
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| 4 (1) |
Adaxial corolla lip 9-12 mm, abaxial lip 13-15 mm |
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6 Petrocosmea grandiflora |
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Adaxial corolla lip 0.7-5 mm, abaxial lip 2-12 mm. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Abaxial corolla lip nearly equalling adaxial. |
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(6) |
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Abaxial corolla lip at least 2 X longer than adaxial. |
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(10) |
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| 6 (5) |
Calyx glabrous or nearly so outside; corolla glabrous outside |
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2 Petrocosmea oblata |
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Calyx puberulent outside; corolla puberulent or sparsely so outside. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaf blade veins abaxially conspicuous |
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1 Petrocosmea nervosa |
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Leaf blade veins abaxially subconspicuous or indistinct. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Petiole 0.5-9 cm; anthers triangular; leaf blade 1-3.5 X 1-4.4 cm |
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3 Petrocosmea flaccida |
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Petiole 0.5-3.5(-4.5) cm; anthers oblong or oblong ovoid; leaf blade 0.7-3(-4) X 0.7-2.8(-3.8) cm. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Corolla glabrous inside; ovary and base of style puberulent; bracts 2.5-4 mm; anthers ca. 3 mm; pistil 9-11 mm |
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4 Petrocosmea sinensis |
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Corolla puberulent on adaxial lip inside; ovary and style spreading villous; bracts 1.6-2 mm; anthers ca. 1.2 mm; pistil ca. 5.2 mm |
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5 Petrocosmea qinlingensis |
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| 10 (5) |
Adaxial corolla lip indistinctly 2-lobed, emarginate, or undivided. |
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(11) |
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Adaxial corolla lip 2-parted near base or at least in apical 1/3. |
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(14) |
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| 11 (10) |
Leaf blade base cordate or rounded; calyx segments narrowly lanceolate; style glabrous. |
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(12) |
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Leaf blade base cuneate, broadly cuneate, rarely rounded; calyx segments linear or narrowly triangular; style puberulent near base. |
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(13) |
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| 12 (11) |
Capsule 7-11 mm; calyx 5-7 mm; corolla tube ca. 6.5 mm; bracts 2.5-4 mm; leaf blade 1.5-3.8(-4.9) X 1-4.5 cm; lateral veins abaxially conspicuous; cymes (1 or)2-4-flowered |
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18 Petrocosmea iodioides |
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Capsule 3.5-5 mm; calyx 2.5-3 mm; corolla tube to 3 mm; bracts 1-2 mm; leaf blade 0.7-2(-2.6) X 0.5-1.5(-1.9) cm; lateral veins inconspicuous; cymes 1(or 2)-flowered |
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19 Petrocosmea martinii |
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| 13 (11) |
Peduncle, outer calyx surface, petiole, and leaf blade brownish yellow appressed puberulent; pedicel 0.4-1.2 cm; capsule to 12 mm |
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20 Petrocosmea sericea |
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Peduncle, outer calyx surface, petiole, and leaf blade adaxially whitish to tan pubescent, abaxially densely puberulent; pedicel 1.4-2.5 cm; capsule 5-8(-10) mm |
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21 Petrocosmea minor |
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| 14 (10) |
All leaves peltate |
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17 Petrocosmea coerulea |
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Most or all leaves not peltate. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Filaments puberulent. |
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(16) |
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Filaments glabrous. |
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(20) |
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| 16 (15) |
Adaxial corolla lip 2-parted to near base; anthers 2.5 X or more longer than filaments; petiole 1-8 cm; peduncle 4.5-10 cm |
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7 Petrocosmea duclouxii |
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Adaxial corolla lip 2-lobed in apical 1/3-1/2; anthers 0.5-2 X filament length; petiole 0.3-5.5 cm; peduncle 2.2-7 cm. |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Pistil 7-10 mm; capsule ca. 13 mm; petiole 1.2-5.5 cm; leaf blade 0.5-4 X 0.6-3 cm |
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14 Petrocosmea begoniifolia |
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Pistil 4-6 mm; capsule 4-6 mm; petiole 0.3-3.7 cm; leaf blade 0.4-2.5 X 0.4-2.2 cm. |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Style glabrous; anthers ca. 1.8 mm; petiole 0.3-2.5 cm; leaf blade 0.4-1.7 cm |
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15 Petrocosmea sichuanensis |
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Style pilose basally; anthers 0.5-1.2 mm; petiole 0.3-3.7 cm; leaf blade 0.5-2.5 cm. |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Leaf lateral veins conspicuous; bracts ca. 0.8 mm; anthers 1-1.2 mm; pistil 5.2-6 mm |
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8 Petrocosmea mairei |
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Leaf lateral veins inconspicuous; bracts ca. 2 mm; anthers 0.5-0.6 mm; pistil ca. 4 mm |
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13 Petrocosmea cavaleriei |
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| 20 (15) |
Anthers 0.6-1 mm; leaf blade 0.4-1.2 cm; petiole 0.1-2 cm. |
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(21) |
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Anthers 1-2 mm; leaf blade 0.5-4 cm; petiole 1-6 cm. |
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(22) |
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| 21 (20) |
Corolla white, puberulent inside, tube ca. 2 mm, abaxial lip ca. 2.8 mm, adaxial lip ca. 6.8 mm; leaf blade 6-12 mm; peduncle to 8 cm; pedicel 2-3.5 cm; style pubescent near base |
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12 Petrocosmea longipedicellata |
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Corolla blue, glabrous inside, tube ca. 4 mm, abaxial lip ca. 0.7-1.5 mm, adaxial lip 2-2.8 mm; leaf blade 4-6 mm; peduncle 1.5-2.4 cm; pedicel 0.2-0.7 cm; style glabrous |
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16 Petrocosmea confluens |
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| 22 (20) |
Pistil ca. 12 mm, ovary ca. 5 mm; capsule 10-12 mm; calyx segments ca. 5 mm; leaf blade 0.5-4 cm |
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10 Petrocosmea rosettifolia |
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Pistil 5-7 mm, ovary 1-2 mm; capsule 4-6 mm; calyx segments 2-4 mm; leaf blade 0.5-2.8 cm. |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Cymes 1-flowered; leaf blade base broadly cuneate, margin shallowly crenulate to entire; staminodes 3 |
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9 Petrocosmea forrestii |
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Cymes 1-4-flowered; leaf blade base cordate to broadly cuneate, margin crenulate; staminodes 2 |
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11 Petrocosmea barbata |
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List of lower taxa
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