Pseudocyclosorus in Flora of China @ efloras.org

12. Pseudocyclosorus Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 322. 1963.

假毛蕨属 jia mao jue shu

Trigonospora Holttum.

Plants medium-sized. Rhizomes creeping, decumbent or erect, bases with sparse lanceolate brown scales. Fronds remote, approximate or clustered; stipes usually with sparse short hairs, stramineous; laminae pinnate-pinnatifid, proximal pinnae gradually shortened into auricle, hastate or abruptly contracted into tubercule, pinnae attached to rachises and at base abaxially each usually with a dark brown tuberculate aerophore. Veinlets free, costules raised on both sides, proximal pair on adjacent segments sometimes reaching cartilaginous sinuses, rarely connivent, but usually acroscopic veinlet reaching sinus and basiscopic one reaching margin above sinus. Laminae usually deep green when dry, usually papery, sometimes herbaceous or leathery, laminae adaxially with dense appressed setae along costal grooves, sparsely setaceous also along veins, abaxially mostly with acicular hairs on intercostal areas, rarely glabrous. Sori orbicular, usually attached at middle of veinlets, sometimes at distal or proximal parts; indusia orbicular-reniform, thick, usually brown, persistent, with fine hairs or glabrous, sometimes glandular. Spores normally monolete, rarely trilete, exospore echinate, perispore cristate. x = 35, 36.

About 50 species: tropical and subtropical regions; 38 species (31 endemic) in China.

Pseudocyclosorus tibeticus Ching & Y. X. Lin (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 201. 1984) was described from Xizang (Mêdog) but is excluded from the present treatment, pending further studies. It is similar to P. tylodes.

1 Proximal pinnae not gradually reduced, not tuberculate (2)

+ Proximal pinnae abruptly reduced into aerophores or auricles or hastate (5)

2 (1) Spores monolete (3)

+ Spores trilete (4)

3 (2) Laminae abaxially glabrous on intercostal areas. 35 P. latilobus

+ Laminae abaxially with fine and long acicular hairs on intercostal areas. 36 P. guangxianensis

4 (2) Proximal pair of veinlets on segments reaching bottom of sinus. 37 P. ciliatus

+ Proximal acroscopic veinlet on segment reaching bottom of sinus, others reaching margin above sinus. 38 P. caudipinnus

5 (1) Proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to brown aerophores (6)

+ Proximal pinnae gradually reduced into auricles or hastate (10)

6 (5) Basal acroscopic veinlet on segments of middle pinnae reaching bottom of sinus, basiscopic one reaching margin above sinus (7)

+ Proximal pair of veinlets on segments of middle pinnae reaching bottom of sinus (8)

7 (6) Plants over 100 cm tall; laminae abaxially with acicular fine hairs on intercostal areas; indusia hairy. 4 P. xinpingensis

+ Plants only 25-58 cm tall; laminae abaxially lacking hairs on intercostal areas; indusia glabrous. 5 P. torrentis

8 (6) Sori attached on distal parts of veinlets and close to margins. 3 P. cavaleriei

+ Sori attached on proximal parts of veinlets and close to costules (9)

9 (8) Plants small; lateral pinnae ca. 13 ?1-1.4 cm, segments ca. 2 mm wide. 1 P. tylodes

+ Plants large; lateral pinnae length and width over 15 cm and 2 cm respectively, segments ca. 4 mm wide. 2 P. tuberculifer

10 (5) Rachises, costae, and veins with only fine hairs abaxially, at most with 1 or 2 acicular hairs at apices (11)

+ Rachises ?with long acicular hairs abaxially, costae and veins usually with acicular hairs abaxially, sometimes glabrous (16)

11 (10) Pinnae obliquely spreading (12)

+ Pinnae spreading (13)

12 (11) Plants ca. 1.2 m tall; fronds ca. 100 ?30 cm; middle pinnae ca. 25 ?3 cm; segments over 35 pairs, more than 1.2 cm. 33 P. obliquus

+ Plants 90-110 cm tall; fronds 70-85 ?ca. 20 cm; middle pinnae 10-15 ?1.2-2 cm; segments fewer than 30 pairs, length less than 9 mm. 34 P. subochthodes

13 (11) Indusia with fine hairs. 32 P. damingshanensis

+ Indusia glabrous (14)

14 (13) Sori attached on middle of veinlets. 29 P. tsoi

+ Sori attached above middle of veinlets (15)

15 (14) Veins simple, not forked and glandular abaxially. 30 P. emeiensis

+ Veins forked, without glands abaxially. 31 P. furcatovenulosus

16 (10) Indusia glabrous (17)

+ Indusia with hairs (26)

17 (16) Pinnae linear and oblique distally (18)

+ Pinnae not linear, spreading, at least proximal pinnae spreading (19)

18 (17) Pinnae extremely oblique distally, basal acroscopic segments clearly elongated; indusia glandular. 19 P. falcilobus

+ Pinnae slightly oblique distally, basal acroscopic segments not clearly elongated; indusia without glands. 20 P. lushanensis

19 (17) Costae and veins not glandular abaxially (20)

+ Costae and veins glandular abaxially (22)

20 (19) Laminae abaxially with fine hairs on intercostal areas. 26 P. stramineus

+ Laminae abaxially glabrous on intercostal areas (21)

21 (20) Basal segments on proximal pinnae entire along margins. 27 P. duclouxii

+ Basal segments on proximal several pairs of pinnae lobed along margins. 28 P. jijiangensis

22 (19) Laminae abaxially hairy on intercostal areas (23)

+ Laminae abaxially glabrous on intercostal areas (24)

23 (22) Plants to 140 cm tall; laminae ca. 100 cm, pinnae ca. 17 ?2-2.5 cm; segments separated from each other by broad intervals, abaxially with sparse short hairs along costae and veins. 24 P. qingchengensis

+ Plants ca. 90 cm tall; laminae ca. 50 cm; pinnae 9-13 ?ca. 1.5 cm; segments separated from each other by narrow intervals, abaxially with mixed sparse setae and fine hairs along costae and veins. 25 P. angustipinnus

24 (22) Sori attached above middle of veinlets and close to margins. 23 P. submarginalis

+ Sori attached on middle of veinlets (25)

25 (24) Pinnae lanceolate, basal acroscopic veinlet reaching bottom of sinus, basiscopic one reaching margin above sinus. 21 P. esquirolii

+ Pinnae linear-lanceolate, basal pair of veinlets all reaching bottom of sinus. 22 P. linearis

26 (16) Pinnae extremely oblique distally, basal basiscopic segments clearly contracted or not contracted (27)

+ Pinnae spreading or slightly obliquely spreading, proximal pair of segments or acroscopic one clearly elongated (30)

27 (26) Pinna bases contracted basiscopically (28)

+ Pinna bases not contracted (29)

28 (27) Plants 40-110 cm tall; pinnae 1.4-1.5 cm wide in middle, costae slightly grooved adaxially and with appressed acicular hairs, not shiny. 6 P. subfalcilobus

+ Plants only 25-40 cm tall; pinnae 9-10 mm wide in middle, costae rounded and raised adaxially, subglabrous and shiny. 7 P. pseudofalcilobus

29 (27) Rachises, costae, and veins with mixed sparse long acicular hairs and short fine hairs abaxially, and glabrous on intercostal areas abaxially. 8 P. dehuaensis

+ Rachises, costae, and veins with dense long acicular hairs abaxially only and hairy on intercostal area. 9 P. guangxiensis

30 (26) Sori attached below middle of veinlets and close to costules (31)

+ Sori attached on middle of veinlets (32)

31 (30) Fronds dimorphic; pinna bases with segments not clearly elongate, acroscopic veinlet of pinna basal pair reaching bottom of sinus. 10 P. shuangbaiensis

+ Fronds monomorphic; pinna bases with segments clearly elongate, proximal veinlets of segments all reaching bottom of sinuses. 11 P. dulongjiangensis

32 (30) Laminae abaxially with fine setae on intercostal areas. 12 P. canus

+ Laminae abaxially lacking fine setae on intercostal areas (33)

33 (32) Indusia with only few fine hairs (34)

+ Indusia with dense hairs (36)

34 (33) Proximal 7-9 pairs of pinnae abruptly reduced into linear auricles, proximal ones tuberculate; laminae abaxially glabrous on intercostal areas. 18 P. paraochthodes

+ Proximal 3 pairs of pinnae abruptly reduced and hastate (35)

35 (34) Pinnae (particularly acroscopic ones) obviously broadened at their bases, margins pinnatifid; segments 11-14 ?5-6 mm; laminae herbaceous; sori attached above middle of veinlets. 16 P. gongshanensis

+ Pinnae narrowed at their bases; segments ca. 9 ?3 mm; laminae papery; sori attached on middle of veinlets. 17 P. pseudorepens

36 (33) Proximal pinnae mostly reduced and hastate or auriculate 15 P. zayuensis

+ Proximal 2 or 3 pairs of pinnae reduced and hastate (37)

37 (36) Lateral pinnae to 30 pairs, spreading. 13 P. fugongensis

+ Lateral pinnae ca. 17 pairs, proximal pair slightly reflexed, others ascending distally. 14 P. lushuiensis

List of lower taxa