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22. PYRUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 479. 1753.
梨属 li shu
Gu Cuizhi (Ku Tsue-chih); Stephen A. Spongberg
Trees or shrubs, deciduous, rarely semievergreen, sometimes armed. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate, stipulate, involute in bud, venation camptodromous, margin serrate or entire, rarely lobed. Inflorescences corymbose-racemose. Flowers precocious or synantherous. Hypanthium cupular. Sepals 5, reflexed or spreading. Petals 5, white, rarely pink, clawed. Stamens 15–30; anthers usually dark red or purple. Ovary inferior, 2–5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2–5, free. Pome with juicy pulp, rich in stone cells, 2–5-celled, with cartilaginous endocarp (core), with persistent or caducous sepals; seeds black or blackish brown, seed coat cartilaginous; cotyledons plano-convex.
About 25 species: N Africa, Asia, Europe; 14 species (eight endemic) in China.
Pyrus taihangshanensis S. Y. Wang & C. L. Chang (J. Henan Agric. Coll. 1980(2): 10. 1980), described from Henan, requires further study. We are unable to treat it in this account because we have seen no specimens. The same applies to Pyrus aria var. silvestrii Pampanini (Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 17: 290. 1910), described from Hubei, which may belong to Sorbus.
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| 1 |
Pome with few persistent sepals, most sepals caducous; styles 2–5. |
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(2) |
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Pome with persistent sepals; styles 3–5. |
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(7) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf margin spiny serrate; styles 4 or 5. |
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(3) |
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Leaf margin serrate or obtusely serrate, and without spines; styles 2–4(or 5). |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Pome yellow; leaf basally broadly cuneate. |
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9 P. bretschneideri |
| + |
Pome brown; leaf basally rounded or subcordate. |
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10 P. pyrifolia |
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| 4 (2) |
Leaf margin serrate. |
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(5) |
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Leaf margin obtusely serrate. |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Pome subglobose, 0.5–1 cm in diam., 2- or 3-loculed; young branches, corymbs, and leaves abaxially tomentose. |
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11 P. betulifolia |
| + |
Pome globose or ovoid, 2–2.5 cm in diam., 3- or 4-loculed; young branches, corymbs, and leaves abaxially initially tomentose, glabrescent. |
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12 P. phaeocarpa |
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| 6 (4) |
Stamens 20; styles 2(-4); leaves and corymb glabrous. |
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13 P. calleryana |
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Stamens 25–30; styles 3–5; leaves and corymb initially pubescent, glabrescent. |
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14 P. pashia |
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| 7 (1) |
Leaf margin spiny-serrate. |
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(8) |
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Leaf margin serrulate or obtusely serrate, not spinulose. |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaf blade long spiny-serrate, 5–10 cm; styles 5; pome yellow; fruiting pedicel 1–2 cm. |
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1 P. ussuriensis |
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Leaf blade shortly spiny-serrate, 4–7 cm; styles 4; pome brown; fruiting pedicel longer, (1.5–)3 cm. |
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2 P. hopeiensis |
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| 9 (7) |
Leaf margin serrulate. |
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(10) |
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Leaf margin obtusely serrate. |
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(11) |
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| 10 (9) |
Pome yellowish green, ovoid or obovoid, 5-loculed; fruiting pedicel 4–5 cm, thickened distally. |
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3 P. sinkiangensis |
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Pome brown, subglobose or obovoid, 3- or 4-loculed; fruiting pedicel 3–4 cm, not thickened distally. |
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4 P. serrulata |
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| 11 (9) |
Pome yellowish green; petals obovate; flowers 7–10. |
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(12) |
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Pome brown; petals broadly ovate; flowers 3–6. |
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(13) |
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| 12 (11) |
Pome obovoid or subglobose; leaf blade elliptic to ovate; petiole thin, 1.5–5 cm. |
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5 P. communis |
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Pome depressed-globose; leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular; petiole thick, 2–3 cm. |
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6 P. armeniacifolia |
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| 13 (11) |
Stamens 25; styles 3 or 4; pome 3- or 4-loculed, 1.5–2.5 cm in diam. |
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7 P. pseudopashia |
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Stamens 20; styles (4 or)5; pome 4- or 5-loculed, 1–1.5 cm in diam. |
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8 P. xerophila |
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List of lower taxa
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