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12. Roscoea Smith, Exot. Bot. 2: 97. 1806.
象牙参属 xiang ya shen shu
Herbs small, with annual pseudostems from erect, reduced rhizome; roots fascicled, tuberous, fusiform. Ligule a curved line at junction of tubular leaf sheath and leaf blade; petiole absent; leaf blade oblong or lanceolate. Inflorescence terminal on pseudostems, a spike; peduncle short and enclosed by leaf sheaths to long and exserted; bracts persistent, 1-flowered; bracteoles absent. Calyx tubular, split on 1 side, apex 2- or 3-toothed. Corolla tube usually exserted from calyx, slender, wider at throat; central lobe erect, usually cucullate; lateral lobes spreading, narrower than central one, usually free. Lateral staminodes erect, petaloid. Labellum reflexed or not, cuneate, large, apex emarginate to 2-lobed. Filament short; anther linear; connective extended at base into a spur. Ovary cylindric or oblong, 3-loculed; ovules numerous per locule, superposed. Style filiform; stigma funnelform, margin ciliate. Capsule oblong, cylindric, or clavate, 3-valved. Seeds small, arillate.
About 18 species: Bhutan, China, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam; 13 species (eight endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Corolla tube 1.6--4(--5) cm; labellum usually less than 2.5 cm. |
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(2) |
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Corolla tube (3--)4--12.5 cm; labellum usually more than 2.5 cm. |
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(7) |
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| 2 (1) |
Plants usually less than 15 cm tall when mature. |
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(3) |
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Plants usually more than 15 cm tall when mature. |
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(5) |
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| 3 (2) |
Central lobe of corolla orbicular; labellum not reflexed |
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1 Roscoea alpina |
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Central lobe of corolla oblong; labellum slightly to conspicuously reflexed. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaves obscurely to densely hairy especially when young; bracts elliptic; lateral staminodes oblong, 1--1.3 cm |
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2 Roscoea tibetica |
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Leaves glabrous; bracts tubular; lateral staminodes narrowly obovate-cuneate, ca. 1.4 cm |
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3 Roscoea kunmingensis |
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| 5 (2) |
Leaves appearing after anthesis, 3--6 cm wide; bracts much shorter than calyx |
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4 Roscoea humeana |
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Leaves appearing before anthesis, 1--2.8 cm wide; bracts longer than calyx. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Lateral staminodes elliptic to obliquely obovate, 1--1.4 cm; labellum 1.3--2 × 0.8--1.2 cm, with white lines at throat |
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5 Roscoea scillifolia |
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Lateral staminodes obliquely spatulate, ca. 2 cm; labellum ca. 2.5 × 1.4 cm, without white lines at throat |
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6 Roscoea capitata |
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| 7 (1) |
Bracts obtuse or truncate at apex. |
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(8) |
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Bracts acute at apex. |
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(10) |
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| 8 (7) |
Leaves glaucous abaxially |
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7 Roscoea wardii |
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Leaves not glaucous abaxially. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaves distinctly narrowed and petiolelike between sheath and blade; ligule prominent |
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8 Roscoea debilis |
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Leaves not narrowed and petiolelike between sheath and blade; ligule obscure |
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9 Roscoea forrestii |
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| 10 (7) |
Leaves auriculate |
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10 Roscoea auriculata |
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Leaves not auriculate. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Leaves absent at anthesis |
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11 Roscoea praecox |
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Leaves present at anthesis. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaves forming a rosette at apex of pseudostem; labellum not reflexed, lobes usually emarginate; stigma hooked |
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12 Roscoea schneideriana |
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Leaves not forming a rosette at apex of pseudostem; labellum reflexed, lobes usually not emarginate; stigma not hooked |
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13 Roscoea cautleoides |
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List of lower taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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