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4. Scirpus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 47. 1753.
藨草属 biao cao shu
Authors: Prof. Song-Yun Liang & Gordon C. Tucker
Herbs, perennials. Culms tufted, 3-angled to obtusely 3-angled, rarely terete, few to many nodose. Leaves basal and cauline; leaf blade linear, grasslike, ligulate, base sheathing. Involucral bracts leaflike, spreading. Inflorescence a terminal corymbiform anthela, with many spikelets. Spikelets ovoid to ellipsoid, generally rather small. Glumes spirally arranged, deciduous, each subtending a flower. Flowers bisexual. Perianth bristles 3-6, as long as to much longer than nutlet, deciduous with nutlet. Stamens 1-3. Style base not thickened, persistent; stigmas 2 or 3. Nutlet obovoid to ellipsoid, compressed 3-sided to biconvex, smooth, apex beaked.
About 35 species: mostly in temperate regions of N Hemisphere, greatest diversity in North America; 12 species (four endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Involucral bracts spathelike. |
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11 S. maximowiczii |
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Involucral bracts leaflike |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Prophyll subtending a bisexual flower. |
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12 S. paniculatocorymbosus |
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Prophyll absent |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Spikelets dark green (to grayish) |
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(4) |
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Spikelets ± reddish brown |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Perianth bristles erect, retrorsely scabrous, nearly as long as nutlet. |
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1 S. orientalis |
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Perianth bristles prominently flexuose to contorted, retrorsely scabrous only near apex, 2-4 × as long as nutlet. |
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2 S. radicans |
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| 5 (3) |
Spikelets narrowly ovoid; basal several glumes empty. |
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9 S. filipes |
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Spikelets globose, ovoid, oblong, or ellipsoid; all glumes with a flower |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Perianth bristles basally glabrous and apically densely pubescent with long yellowish brown hairs. |
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10 S. hainanensis |
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Perianth bristles antrorsely scabrous but not pubescent |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Glumes 1-veined, apex acuminate; perianth bristles flexuose, 1.5-4 × as long as nutlet; nutlet compressed 3-sided; stigmas 3 |
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(8) |
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Glumes 1-, 3-, or 5-veined, apex obtuse; perianth bristles slightly flexuose, less than 1.5 × as long as nutlet; nutlet biconvex; stigmas 2 |
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(10) |
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| 8 (7) |
Glumes lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. |
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3 S. karuisawensis |
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Glumes deltoid-ovate to oblong-ovate, 1.3-2 mm |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Spikelets globose-ellipsoid; glumes 1.3-1.5 mm, apex obtuse. |
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4 S. lushanensis |
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Spikelets globose; glumes 1.8-2 mm, apex acute. |
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5 S. wichurae |
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| 10 (7) |
Spikelets 2-3 mm; glumes broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm, 3-veined. |
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8 S. rosthornii |
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Spikelets 3-6 mm; glumes ± broadly ovate-orbicular, 1.2-1.5 mm, 1- or 5-veined |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Glumes ca. 1.2 mm, without brown short lines, 1-veined; nutlet 0.7-1 mm. |
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6 S. ternatanus |
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Glumes ca. 1.5 mm, with brown short lines, 5-veined; nutlet ca. 1.5 mm. |
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7 S. chunianus |
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List of lower taxa
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