| 1 |
Low herbs, sometimes trailing, always isophyllous; corolla less than 2.5 cm and often less than 2 cm, not obviously curved |
|
(2) |
| + |
Herbs or subshrubs, never trailing, usually greater than 50 cm tall, anisophyllous or isophyllous; corolla greater than 2 cm, often strongly curved |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Inflorescences of solitary flowers in leaf axils |
|
(3) |
| + |
Inflorescences of terminal or sometimes axillary heads or spikes |
|
(5) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Calyx 2-lipped, upper 3 calyx lobes partially fused. |
|
43 S. rankanensis |
| + |
Calyx not 2-lipped, subequally 5-lobed to base |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (3) |
Leaf blade oblong to lanceolate, 7 mm wide or less; capsule glabrous. |
|
7 S. sinica |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate to obovate, 8 mm wide or more; capsule apically pilose. |
|
8 S. szechuanica |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (2) |
Corolla outside glabrous; capsule 6-16-seeded |
|
(6) |
| + |
Corolla outside pubescent; capsule 4-seeded |
|
(8) |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (5) |
Leaves sessile; corolla yellow. |
|
4 S. fluviatilis |
| + |
Leaves petiolate; corolla blue or white |
|
(7) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Leaf blade pubescent, base abruptly truncate to slightly cordate; corolla blue. |
|
5 S. reptans |
| + |
Leaf blade subglabrous, base cuneate to rounded; corolla white. |
|
6 S. cumingiana |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (5) |
Stems, leaves, and inflorescences white pilose. |
|
10 S. labordei |
| + |
Stems, leaves, and inflorescences glabrous or very sparsely hirsute |
|
(9) |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (8) |
Corolla less than 1 cm. |
|
9 S. wilsonii |
| + |
Corolla 1.5-2 cm |
|
(10) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Leaf blade ovate to oblong-elliptic, 2-3 × as long as broad; ovary and capsule apically pubescent. |
|
11 S. tetrasperma |
| + |
Leaf blade lanceolate, ca. 4 × as long as broad; ovary and capsule glabrous. |
|
12 S. japonica |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (1) |
Inflorescences subcapitate or capitellate, with flowers densely clustered in groups of 4 or more, heads occasionally becoming subspicate in fruit |
|
(12) |
| + |
Inflorescences spicate or flowers in leaf axils or arranged singly or in opposite pairs in a panicle |
|
(54) |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (11) |
Anthers incurved but shorter ones sometimes reflexed, ± as broad as long so subspherical or ellipsoid; bracts and bracteoles if present caducous except in S. cuneata, S. kingdonii, S. glomerata, and sometimes S. capitata and S. speciosa |
|
(13) |
| + |
Anthers erect, oblong, ca. 2 × as long as broad; bracts persistent at least until fruit is formed |
|
(30) |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (12) |
Bracts greater than 1.5 cm, outermost commonly infertile, persistent, or if caducous then ovate |
|
(14) |
| + |
Bracts less than 1 cm, all normally flower-bearing, often scarious and early caducous |
|
(18) |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (13) |
Plants isophyllous; flowers in subsessile axillary clusters; leaf blade obovate. |
|
100 S. cuneata |
| + |
Plants anisophyllous; flowers in pedunculate heads; leaf blade ovate to oblong-elliptic |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
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| 15 (14) |
Indumentum of somewhat rigid purplish trichomes. |
|
101 S. glomerata |
| + |
Indumentum of soft whitish trichomes |
|
(16) |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (15) |
Outermost bracts linear-oblong to lanceolate, margin often dentate, apex obtuse; isolated flowers sometimes present below main head. |
|
104 S. kingdonii |
| + |
Outermost bracts lanceolate or ovate, margin entire, apex acute or acuminate; inflorescences strictly capitate |
|
(17) |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (16) |
Bracts ovate, equaling or shorter than head; heads relatively stout, 1-3 cm broad; plants weakly anisophyllous. |
|
102 S. capitata |
| + |
Bracts lanceolate, commonly overtopping head; heads relatively slender, 1-1.5 cm broad; plants usually strongly anisophyllous. |
|
103 S. speciosa |
| |
|
|
|
| 18 (13) |
Corolla outside glabrous even on lobes and in bud |
|
(19) |
| + |
Corolla pubescent or gland-tipped pubescent at least on lobes or in bud |
|
(23) |
| |
|
|
|
| 19 (18) |
Leaf blade abaxially whitish; bracts fugacious; calyx in fruit with lobes subequal. |
|
114 S. discolor |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially paler but not whitish; bracts usually present at anthesis; calyx in fruit with one lobe longer than others |
|
(20) |
| |
|
|
|
| 20 (19) |
Calyx without gland-tipped trichomes. |
|
107 S. ningmingensis |
| + |
Calyx with gland-tipped trichomes |
|
(21) |
| |
|
|
|
| 21 (20) |
Apex of bracts acute to acuminate. |
|
108 S. dimorphotricha |
| + |
Apex of bracts rounded or obtuse |
|
(22) |
| |
|
|
|
| 22 (21) |
Bracts glabrous; inflorescences strictly capitellate; plants weakly anisophyllous. |
|
106 S. penstemonoides |
| + |
Bracts gland-tipped pubescent; some flower pairs usually present below capitulum; plants strongly anisophyllous. |
|
116 S. multidens |
| |
|
|
|
| 23 (18) |
Inflorescences subterminal, arising only from apical leaf axils; leaf blade abaxially whitish, falcate. |
|
117 S. oligocephala |
| + |
Inflorescences not subterminal; leaf blade if abaxially whitish then not falcate |
|
(24) |
| |
|
|
|
| 24 (23) |
Bracts fugacious, usually absent at anthesis; calyx lobes subequal |
|
(25) |
| + |
Bracts usually present; calyx with one lobe longer than others |
|
(26) |
| |
|
|
|
| 25 (24) |
Plants isophyllous or weakly anisophyllous; leaves petiolate; leaf blade apex acuminate; corolla tube and lobes gland-tipped pubescent. |
|
113 S. oxycalycina |
| + |
Plants strongly anisophyllous; leaves sessile; leaf blade apex acute; corolla pilose only on lobes. |
|
115 S. rhombifolia |
| |
|
|
|
| 26 (24) |
Apex of bracts obtuse or rounded |
|
(27) |
| + |
Apex of bracts acute or acuminate |
|
(28) |
| |
|
|
|
| 27 (26) |
Peduncle longer so inflorescence exceeding subtending leaves. |
|
110 S. formosana |
| + |
Peduncle very short so inflorescence shorter than subtending leaves. |
|
111 S. ovatibracteata |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (26) |
Bracts gland-tipped pubescent. |
|
109 S. glandibracteata |
| + |
Bracts not gland-tipped pubescent |
|
(29) |
| |
|
|
|
| 29 (28) |
Plants anisophyllous. |
|
108 S. dimorphotricha |
| + |
Plants isophyllous. |
|
112 S. hupehensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 (12) |
Flowers arranged in small clusters along an axis forming a spike or panicle of capitula |
|
(31) |
| + |
Flowers arranged in axillary or terminal capitula |
|
(32) |
| |
|
|
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| 31 (30) |
Capsule 6-8-seeded; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; anthers apiculate with an excurrent connective. |
|
1 S. tomentosa |
| + |
Capsule 4-seeded; calyx lobes ovate and abruptly narrowed to an apiculate apex; anthers muticous. |
|
70 S. congesta |
| |
|
|
|
| 32 (30) |
Capsule 6-seeded or more; calyx hirsute inside at least near apex |
|
(33) |
| + |
Capsule 2-4-seeded; calyx glabrous inside (except in S. cruciata, S. oligantha, and S. wangiana) |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (32) |
Corolla blue, bracts obtuse to acute. |
|
2 S. quadrifaria |
| + |
Corolla yellow, bracts apically beaked. |
|
3 S. chinensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (32) |
Calyx 2-lipped, upper 3 lobes partially fused |
|
(35) |
| + |
Calyx subequally 5-lobed to base |
|
(37) |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 (34) |
Fertile stamens 2; leaf blade margin entire. |
|
38 S. aprica |
| + |
Fertile stamens 4; leaf blade margin serrate |
|
(36) |
| |
|
|
|
| 36 (35) |
Lower calyx lip with 2 lobes, lobes distinct to base; capsule 2-seeded. |
|
30 S. cyclus |
| + |
Lower calyx lip 2-dentate, lobes connate for most of length; capsule 4-seeded. |
|
95 S. bipartita |
| |
|
|
|
| 37 (34) |
Corolla completely glabrous even on lobes and tube and in bud |
|
(38) |
| + |
Corolla pubescent at least on lobes or tube or in bud |
|
(42) |
| |
|
|
|
| 38 (37) |
Isophyllous herbs; corolla purple. |
|
16 S. sarcorrhiza |
| + |
Anisophyllous subshrubs; corolla white or rarely blue |
|
(39) |
| |
|
|
|
| 39 (38) |
Stems winged; leaves sessile; anthers muticous. |
|
96 S. retusa |
| + |
Stems unwinged; leaves petiolate; anthers apiculate |
|
(40) |
| |
|
|
|
| 40 (39) |
Outer bracts sessile, ovate. |
|
99 S. echinata |
| + |
Outer bracts with a broad petiolar base, pandurate in outline |
|
(41) |
| |
|
|
|
| 41 (40) |
Petiolar base of bracts forming a rigid involucre, lamina spreading and ovate. |
|
97 S. cruciata |
| + |
Petiolar base not forming an involucre, bracts pandurate, apical portion narrowly lanceolate. |
|
98 S. simonsii |
| |
|
|
|
| 42 (37) |
Bracts oblanceolate, obovate, subrhomboidal, or spatulate, broadest near apex, pilose with reddish or white trichomes |
|
(43) |
| + |
Bracts linear, lanceolate, or oblong-elliptic, widest below middle |
|
(48) |
| |
|
|
|
| 43 (42) |
Bracts with reddish or brownish trichomes |
|
(44) |
| + |
Bracts with white trichomes |
|
(46) |
| |
|
|
|
| 44 (43) |
Leaves and stem reddish brown setose. |
|
20 S. hossei |
| + |
Leaves and stem without reddish brown trichomes |
|
(45) |
| |
|
|
|
| 45 (44) |
Bracts subrhomboidal-obovate, tips erect; pollen type 3. |
|
21 S. torrentium |
| + |
Bracts obovate, tips commonly recurved; pollen type 2. |
|
22 S. anamitica |
| |
|
|
|
| 46 (43) |
Bracts distinct from leaves, obovate, with gland-tipped trichomes, apex rounded. |
|
18 S. lihengiae |
| + |
Bracts oblanceolate to obovate, with a few marginal teeth, densely white pilose, without gland-tipped trichomes, apically narrowed to an obtuse apex |
|
(47) |
| |
|
|
|
| 47 (46) |
Corolla 2.2-2.8 cm; plants drying dark green; inflorescences often becoming spicate in fruit. |
|
15 S. austrosinensis |
| + |
Corolla 2.8-3.2 cm; plants not drying dark green; inflorescences not becoming spicate in fruit. |
|
17 S. procumbens |
| |
|
|
|
| 48 (42) |
Bracts commonly yellowish, overtopping capitula and giving a characteristic eared appearance. |
|
19 S. esquirolii |
| + |
Bracts with white trichomes, not overtopping capitula which do not have an eared appearance |
|
(49) |
| |
|
|
|
| 49 (48) |
Heads strictly terminal; calyx lobes with trichomes apically on inner surface |
|
(50) |
| + |
Heads arising from apical leaf axils; calyx glabrous inside |
|
(51) |
| |
|
|
|
| 50 (49) |
Leaf blade abaxially glabrous except on veins; corolla 3.5-4 cm. |
|
13 S. wangiana |
| + |
Leaf blade usually pubescent or rarely glabrous; corolla less than 3.5 cm. |
|
14 S. oligantha |
| |
|
|
|
| 51 (49) |
Leaf blade glabrous. |
|
24 S. fengiana |
| + |
Leaf blade pilose or pubescent on both surfaces |
|
(52) |
| |
|
|
|
| 52 (51) |
Corolla straight or nearly so; heads clearly axillary; plants isophyllous. |
|
23 S. yunnanensis |
| + |
Corolla strongly bent; heads from apical leaf axils only; plants anisophyllous |
|
(53) |
| |
|
|
|
| 53 (52) |
Heads slightly elongate; floral bracts lanceolate to oblong, pilose but margin not ciliate. |
|
25 S. lamium |
| + |
Heads very compact; floral bracts elliptic, margin ciliate. |
|
26 S. cyphantha |
| |
|
|
|
| 54 (11) |
Leaf blade pinnatifid. |
|
34 S. pinnatifida |
| + |
Leaf blade margin dentate or serrate but never pinnatifid |
|
(55) |
| |
|
|
|
| 55 (54) |
Bracts decurrent as a wing on peduncle. |
|
48 S. pteroclada |
| + |
Bracts not decurrent on peduncle |
|
(56) |
| |
|
|
|
| 56 (55) |
Anthers incurved and shorter ones sometimes reflexed, subspherical or ellipsoid, ± as broad as long; bracts and bracteoles if present caducous except in S. longgangensis and cultivated forms of S. hamiltoniana and sometimes in S. lamiifolia |
|
(57) |
| + |
Anthers erect, oblong, ca. 2 × as long as broad; bracts persistent at least until fruit is formed |
|
(68) |
| |
|
|
|
| 57 (56) |
Inflorescences an open panicle; flowers not arranged in opposite pairs |
|
(58) |
| + |
Inflorescences spicate; flowers in opposite pairs, sometimes aggregated into a panicle |
|
(60) |
| |
|
|
|
| 58 (57) |
Corolla arcuate, less than 3 cm; inflorescence branches with non-glandular trichomes. |
|
126 S. euantha |
| + |
Corolla straight, greater than 3 cm; inflorescence branches glabrous or with gland-tipped trichomes |
|
(59) |
| |
|
|
|
| 59 (58) |
Inflorescences branching at a narrower angle from axis, ultimate branches relatively stout and similar to primary branches. |
|
124 S. hamiltoniana |
| + |
Inflorescences branches at 90° from axis, ultimate branches very slender. |
|
125 S. tenuiflora |
| |
|
|
|
| 60 (57) |
Inflorescences a terminal panicle of spikes |
|
(61) |
| + |
Inflorescences terminal or axillary but spikes never paniculate |
|
(62) |
| |
|
|
|
| 61 (60) |
Leaf blade ovate, base rounded to broadly cuneate; basal leaves shortly petiolate, apical ones sessile. |
|
122 S. mastersii |
| + |
Leaf blade narrowly oblong-elliptic, base narrowly cuneate; leaves all petiolate. |
|
123 S. tenax |
| |
|
|
|
| 62 (60) |
Inflorescences terminal or from apical leaf axils only |
|
(63) |
| + |
Inflorescences axillary spikes |
|
(65) |
| |
|
|
|
| 63 (62) |
Inflorescences a short terminal spike; bracts mostly 1.5-2.5 cm, relatively persistent. |
|
105 S. lamiifolia |
| + |
Inflorescences of flower pairs scattered along axis but often crowded and subcapitellate near apex; bracts mostly less than 1.5 cm, caducous |
|
(64) |
| |
|
|
|
| 64 (63) |
Corolla glabrous; bracts gland-tipped pilose. |
|
116 S. multidens |
| + |
Corolla gland-tipped pubescent on lobes; bracts not gland-tipped pilose. |
|
117 S. oligocephala |
| |
|
|
|
| 65 (62) |
Corolla outside pubescent |
|
(66) |
| + |
Corolla outside glabrous |
|
(67) |
| |
|
|
|
| 66 (65) |
Calyx less than 1.3 cm; bracts often present at least on young parts; leaf blade margin serrate. |
|
119 S. thomsonii |
| + |
Calyx 1.6-2 cm; bracts very caducous; leaf blade margin entire or sinuate. |
|
121 S. secunda |
| |
|
|
|
| 67 (65) |
Leaf blade ovate, base rounded to cordate; anthers slightly exserted. |
|
118 S. medogensis |
| + |
Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, base cuneate; anthers included. |
|
120 S. longgangensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 68 (56) |
Corolla outside glabrous but pubescent inside; leaves subentire; inflorescences leafy or 1-3-flowered axillary spikes |
|
(69) |
| + |
Corolla pubescent, or if outside glabrous then also inside glabrous except for trichomes retaining style; inflorescences not as above |
|
(70) |
| |
|
|
|
| 69 (68) |
Leaf blade abaxially whitish; inflorescences paniculate. |
|
127 S. parvifolia |
| + |
Leaf blade abaxially reddish brown; inflorescences 1-3-flowered axillary spikes. |
|
128 S. ferruginea |
| |
|
|
|
| 70 (68) |
Flowers in axillary spikes, with basal persistent expanded leaflike bracts; flowers not imbricate; spikes sometimes reduced so flowers are solitary in leaf axils, not aggregated into a terminal panicle |
|
(71) |
| + |
Flowers in axillary or terminal spikes but if axillary without leaflike bracts (except sometimes S. oresbia); flowers imbricate or not; spikes aggregated into a terminal panicle or not |
|
(79) |
| |
|
|
|
| 71 (70) |
Calyx 2-lipped with upper three calyx lobes distinctly connate for half their length |
|
(72) |
| + |
Calyx subequally 5-lobed to base |
|
(73) |
| |
|
|
|
| 72 (71) |
Corolla blue, not resupinate. |
|
62 S. flexicaulis |
| + |
Corolla white, resupinate. |
|
63 S. lanyuensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 73 (71) |
Corolla outside glabrous |
|
(74) |
| + |
Corolla outside pubescent |
|
(76) |
| |
|
|
|
| 74 (73) |
Leaf blade large with some greater than 10 cm, drying blackish; corolla straight, 3.5-5 cm. |
|
61 S. cusia |
| + |
Leaf blade mostly less than 6 cm, not drying blackish; corolla bent at mouth, 2.5-3.5 cm |
|
(75) |
| |
|
|
|
| 75 (74) |
Calyx lobes linear, 1-1.5 mm wide, apex acute or rarely obtuse. |
|
64 S. atropurpurea |
| + |
Calyx lobes ovate-elliptic, 3-5 mm wide, apex obtuse. |
|
65 S. latisepala |
| |
|
|
|
| 76 (73) |
Rachis of inflorescences strongly winged |
|
(77) |
| + |
Rachis of inflorescences not winged |
|
(78) |
| |
|
|
|
| 77 (76) |
Calyx less than 2 cm; capsule glabrous. |
|
66 S. tibetica |
| + |
Calyx 2.5-3.6 cm; capsule comose. |
|
67 S. pterygorrhachis |
| |
|
|
|
| 78 (76) |
Bracts margin entire, apex obtuse; plants subglabrous. |
|
68 S. urophylla |
| + |
Bracts margin dentate, apex acuminate; plants usually densely hirsute or rarely (in S. inflata var. gongshanensis) subglabrous. |
|
69 S. inflata |
| |
|
|
|
| 79 (70) |
Flowers in axillary leafless spikes (sometimes from apicalmost axils); bracts distinct from leaves, often inconspicuous and merging into bracteoles and calyx lobes; spikes not aggregated into a leafless panicle except in S. nobilis and S. rostrata; corolla outside glabrous |
|
(80) |
| + |
Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary, sometimes forming a panicle of spikes, branches bearing leaves below spikes, if apparently axillary then corolla outside pubescent or bracts expanded and clearly different from calyx |
|
(99) |
| |
|
|
|
| 80 (79) |
Calyx glabrous or with gland-tipped trichomes, margin never ciliate or ciliolate |
|
(81) |
| + |
Calyx lobes sometimes also with gland-tipped trichomes, margin ciliate or ciliolate |
|
(85) |
| |
|
|
|
| 81 (80) |
Inflorescences with flowers solitary on one side of spike; bracts linear, persistent |
|
(82) |
| + |
Inflorescences with flowers paired and on two sides of spike; bracts ovate to oblong-elliptic, somewhat caducous |
|
(83) |
| |
|
|
|
| 82 (81) |
Spikes strictly axillary; inflorescences glabrous. |
|
54 S. helicta |
| + |
Spikes aggregated into a terminal panicle; inflorescences with gland-tipped trichomes. |
|
55 S. rostrata |
| |
|
|
|
| 83 (81) |
Corolla bent; leaf blade abaxially whitish, margin entire to crenate. |
|
52 S. rubescens |
| + |
Corolla straight; leaf blade abaxially green, margin coarsely serrate |
|
(84) |
| |
|
|
|
| 84 (83) |
Apex of bracts acute to obtuse; stems winged. |
|
41 S. pateriformis |
| + |
Apex of bracts truncate; stems not winged. |
|
42 S. truncata |
| |
|
|
|
| 85 (80) |
Bracts with a recurved tip; inflorescences reddish brown. |
|
92 S. brunnescens |
| + |
Bracts with an erect tip; inflorescences greenish or rarely reddish brown |
|
(86) |
| |
|
|
|
| 86 (85) |
Bracts ovate, obovate, or broadly elliptic, distinctly shorter than calyx |
|
(87) |
| + |
Bracts lanceolate, ovate, or oblong, usually equaling or exceeding calyx |
|
(92) |
| |
|
|
|
| 87 (86) |
Bracts abaxially with 2 raised eyelike structures. |
|
84 S. biocullata |
| + |
Bracts abaxially without raised eyelike structures although sometimes with large sessile glands |
|
(88) |
| |
|
|
|
| 88 (87) |
Spikes from apical axils; bracts obovate-spatulate. |
|
80 S. pseudocollina |
| + |
Spikes not restricted to apical axils; bracts ovate to elliptic |
|
(89) |
| |
|
|
|
| 89 (88) |
Bracts not abruptly narrowed and without a mucronate apex |
|
(90) |
| + |
Bracts abruptly narrowed with a mucronate and sometimes caducous apex |
|
(91) |
| |
|
|
|
| 90 (89) |
Spikes commonly branched; flower pairs close along rachis; calyx 2-lipped with 3 upper lobes partially fused. |
|
81 S. longzhouensis |
| + |
Spikes simple; flower pairs distant along rachis; calyx subequally 5-lobed to base. |
|
82 S. cystolithigera |
| |
|
|
|
| 91 (89) |
Plant drying olive-green; bracts abaxially with sessile glandular area, apex not fimbriate, lacking reddish brown trichomes. |
|
83 S. abbreviata |
| + |
Plant drying blackish green; bracts abaxially without glandular area, apex often fimbriate with reddish brown trichomes. |
|
91 S. fimbriata |
| |
|
|
|
| 92 (86) |
Leaf blade often pandurate, base rounded; apical leaves sessile; spikes elongating beyond leaves and inflorescence often of paniculate spikes in fruit. |
|
93 S. nobilis |
| + |
Leaf blade not pandurate, base cuneate; all leaves petiolate; inflorescence not paniculate in fruit |
|
(93) |
| |
|
|
|
| 93 (92) |
Spikes only from terminal leaf axils |
|
(94) |
| + |
Spikes not restricted to terminal axils |
|
(95) |
| |
|
|
|
| 94 (93) |
Spikes 1-3 per axil; bracts abaxially with sessile black glands. |
|
89 S. heteroclita |
| + |
Spikes 1 per axil; bracts abaxially lacking black glands. |
|
90 S. mucronatoproducta |
| |
|
|
|
| 95 (93) |
Spikes 1-5 per leaf axil. |
|
94 S. polyneuros |
| + |
Spike usually 1 per leaf axil |
|
(96) |
| |
|
|
|
| 96 (95) |
Bracts 2-3 cm, much exceeding calyx. |
|
88 S. compacta |
| + |
Bracts less than 1.5 cm, ± equaling calyx |
|
(97) |
| |
|
|
|
| 97 (96) |
Stems, leaves, and bracts pubescent. |
|
87 S. guangxiensis |
| + |
Plant completely glabrous except for ciliolate margin of calyx lobes |
|
(98) |
| |
|
|
|
| 98 (97) |
Spikes often branched, robust; leaf blade oblong, some greater than 15 cm. |
|
85 S. longespicata |
| + |
Spikes simple, slender; leaf blade elliptic, less than 12 cm. |
|
86 S. myura |
| |
|
|
|
| 99 (79) |
Fertile stamens 2 |
|
(100) |
| + |
Fertile stamens 4 |
|
(102) |
| |
|
|
|
| 100 (99) |
Spikes simple; capsule glabrous apart from a few apical glands. |
|
29 S. henryi |
| + |
Spikes branched forming a terminal panicle of spikes; capsule pubescent |
|
(101) |
| |
|
|
|
| 101 (100) |
Bracts broadly oblong-ovate to oblong-obovate, not imbricate so flowers clearly separate. |
|
31 S. serrata |
| + |
Bracts obovate, imbricate. |
|
32 S. tubiflos |
| |
|
|
|
| 102 (99) |
Bracts imbricate |
|
(103) |
| + |
Bracts not imbricate so flowers clearly separate apart from basalmost |
|
(114) |
| |
|
|
|
| 103 (102) |
Bracts greater than 1.5 cm |
|
(104) |
| + |
Bracts less than 1.5 cm |
|
(107) |
| |
|
|
|
| 104 (103) |
Bracts distinct from apical leaves, ca. 3 cm, margin without prominent white cilia |
|
(105) |
| + |
Bracts indistinct from apical leaves, less than 2 cm, margin with prominent white cilia |
|
(106) |
| |
|
|
|
| 105 (104) |
Bracts not sticky glandular; capsule 12-seeded. |
|
2 S. quadrifaria |
| + |
Bracts sticky glandular; capsule 4-seeded. |
|
60 S. cognata |
| |
|
|
|
| 106 (104) |
Bracts ovate to elliptic; corolla 3-3.5 cm. |
|
14 S. oligantha |
| + |
Bracts obovate; corolla 2.2-2.8 cm. |
|
15 S. austrosinensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 107 (103) |
Leaves sessile; leaf blade oblong; spikes axillary as well as terminal. |
|
35 S. auriculata |
| + |
Leaves petiolate; leaf blade ovate or elliptic; spikes all terminal on leafy branches or main stem |
|
(108) |
| |
|
|
|
| 108 (107) |
Anthers strongly exserted from corolla. |
|
33 S. affinis |
| + |
Anthers included in corolla |
|
(109) |
| |
|
|
|
| 109 (108) |
Corolla outside glabrous |
|
(110) |
| + |
Corolla outside pubescent |
|
(112) |
| |
|
|
|
| 110 (109) |
Bracts linear-spatulate, broadest at apex. |
|
57 S. tonkinensis |
| + |
Bracts oblong or elliptic, broadest in middle or base |
|
(111) |
| |
|
|
|
| 111 (110) |
Bracts elliptic, 5-6 mm wide. |
|
27 S. strigosa |
| + |
Bracts oblong , 2-3 mm wide. |
|
58 S. stolonifera |
| |
|
|
|
| 112 (109) |
Leaves glabrous. |
|
28 S. longiflora |
| + |
Leaves pubescent |
|
(113) |
| |
|
|
|
| 113 (112) |
Calyx 2-lipped, 3 upper lobes partially fused. |
|
36 S. mogokensis |
| + |
Calyx subequally 5-lobed to base. |
|
37 S. argentea |
| |
|
|
|
| 114 (102) |
Inflorescences a 15-25 cm uninterrupted spike from apicalmost leaf axils. |
|
59 S. vallicola |
| + |
Inflorescences a much shorter spike but if similar in length then basalmost flowers widely spaced |
|
(115) |
| |
|
|
|
| 115 (114) |
Corolla outside glabrous |
|
(116) |
| + |
Corolla outside pubescent at least in bud, on lobes, or tube |
|
(123) |
| |
|
|
|
| 116 (115) |
Calyx subequally 5-lobed to base |
|
(117) |
| + |
Calyx 2-lipped, 3 upper lobes partially fused |
|
(119) |
| |
|
|
|
| 117 (116) |
Stems and leaves sparsely pubescent. |
|
51 S. taoana |
| + |
Stems and leaves completely glabrous |
|
(118) |
| |
|
|
|
| 118 (117) |
Inflorescences branched; calyx glabrous; leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular; floral bracts 7-11 mm. |
|
53 S. pinetorum |
| + |
Inflorescences of simple terminal spikes; calyx gland-tipped pilose; leaf blade elliptic; floral bracts 5-6.5 mm. |
|
56 S. chrysodelta |
| |
|
|
|
| 119 (116) |
Bracts 2-3 cm, much longer than calyx. |
|
46 S. adpressa |
| + |
Bracts less than 1.4 cm, equaling or shorter than calyx |
|
(120) |
| |
|
|
|
| 120 (119) |
Bracts ovate. |
|
49 S. ovata |
| + |
Bracts linear-lanceolate or oblong |
|
(121) |
| |
|
|
|
| 121 (120) |
Spikes with 1-3 flower pairs; bracts greater than 10 mm. |
|
47 S. atroviridis |
| + |
Spikes with 1-7 flower pairs; bracts less than 8 mm |
|
(122) |
| |
|
|
|
| 122 (121) |
Bracts linear-lanceolate; rachis unwinged; plant drying blackish green. |
|
44 S. longispica |
| + |
Bracts oblong-ovate; rachis winged; plant not drying blackish green. |
|
45 S. dryadum |
| |
|
|
|
| 123 (115) |
Plants strongly anisophyllous; corolla densely white pubescent in bud; capsule glabrous |
|
(124) |
| + |
Plants not strongly anisophyllous; corolla not densely white pubescent in bud; capsule gland-tipped pubescent at apex |
|
(125) |
| |
|
|
|
| 124 (123) |
Bracts linear, attenuate; calyx lobes finely acute. |
|
39 S. dalzielii |
| + |
Bracts oblanceolate; calyx lobes obtuse. |
|
40 S. bantonensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 125 (123) |
Leaves sessile |
|
(126) |
| + |
Leaves petiolate |
|
(127) |
| |
|
|
|
| 126 (125) |
Leaf blade ovate to suborbicular, ± as long as broad, abaxially whitish; bracts orbicular to obovate, 5-8 mm. |
|
50 S. tamburensis |
| + |
Leaves narrowly ovate, ca. 3 × as long as broad, abaxially green; bracts lanceolate, 7-10 mm. |
|
75 S. forrestii |
| |
|
|
|
| 127 (125) |
Corolla ventricose and strongly bent just below mouth, pubescent over its whole length |
|
(128) |
| + |
Corolla gradually widened above base, curved but not very strongly so, pubescent on lips only |
|
(131) |
| |
|
|
|
| 128 (127) |
Corolla inside pubescent especially on lobes |
|
(129) |
| + |
Corolla inside glabrous even on lobes |
|
(130) |
| |
|
|
|
| 129 (128) |
Bracts oblong, margin entire or with a few apical teeth; spikes 2-sided. |
|
71 S. larium |
| + |
Bracts broadly to narrowly ovate to lanceolate, margin mostly serrate; spikes often secund. |
|
72 S. oresbia |
| |
|
|
|
| 130 (128) |
Bracts much reduced even at base of spike; leaf blade mostly greater than 5 cm; petiole 2-5 cm. |
|
73 S. flexa |
| + |
Bracts leaflike almost to spike apex; leaf blade mostly less than 5 cm; petiole (0-)1-3 cm. |
|
74 S. versicolor |
| |
|
|
|
| 131 (127) |
Spikes extremely lax, with apical flower pairs commonly separated by greater than 1 cm along rachis; bracts ovate; calyx lobes conspicuously spatulate in fruit. |
|
78 S. extensa |
| + |
Spikes apically relatively dense, with flower pairs becoming imbricate along rachis; bracts linear to lanceolate; calyx lobes not usually conspicuously spatulate |
|
(132) |
| |
|
|
|
| 132 (131) |
Inflorescences mostly of simple terminal spikes; leaf blade glabrous. |
|
79 S. spiciformis |
| + |
Inflorescences a panicle of spikes; leaf blade pubescent at least when young |
|
(133) |
| |
|
|
|
| 133 (132) |
Leaf blade ovate, obovate, or broadly elliptic, ca. 2 × as long as broad. |
|
76 S. lachenensis |
| + |
Leaf blade narrowly oblong-elliptic, 3-4 × as long as broad. |
|
77 S. nemorosa |
