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94. Tainia Blume, Bijdr. 354. 1825.
带唇兰属 dai chun lan shu
Authors: Xinqi Chen & Jeffrey J. Wood
Ania Lindley; Ascotainia Ridley; Mischobulbum Schlechter; Mitopetalum Blume.
Herbs, terrestrial, glabrous. Rhizome with persistent or decaying tubular scales; roots not branched, villous, with root hairs. Pseudobulb erect, rarely prostrate, with 1 or few internodes. Leaf 1 per pseudobulb, deciduous, articulate, petiolate or not, petiole not sheathing, convolute, plicate or not, glabrous; blade elliptic to (ob)ovate, base decurrent along petiole, margin straight, undulate to crenulate. Inflorescence an erect raceme arising heteranthous on a leafless shoot or lateral from base of pseudobulb, often alternating with fertile shoots; peduncle with few internodes; scales tubular; floral bracts persistent. Flowers resupinate, open simultaneously. Sepals and petals ovate, elliptic, or obovate to linear, entire; lateral sepals decurrent on column foot when present. Lip immobile, entire or 3-lobed, with or without spur, saccate; keels (2 or)3-9. Column straight, with narrow seams that continue onto column foot when present; column foot absent or inconspicuous (rarely long), flat or swollen, without spur; anther cap with 2 thecae, usually 4-locular; pollinia 8, rarely 6 in (3 or)4 pairs, subequal, hard, caudicles present, stipe and viscidium absent. Capsule ellipsoid.
About 32 species: Sri Lanka and India, north to China and Japan, south from Myanmar to New Guinea and the Pacific islands; 13 species (two endemic) in China.
The genus Tainia has been monographed by Turner (Orchid Monogr. 6: 43-100. 1992) and treated in a broader sense to include Ania and Mischobulbum by de Vogel in Pridgeon et al. (Gen. Orchid. 4(1): 158-161. 2005). Tainia hualienia S. S. Ying (Coloured Ill. Indig. Orchids Taiwan 1: 321. 1977) was described from Taiwan but was not included in either Fl. Taiwan (1978) or Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2 (2000). Its original description seems to be indicative of belonging to Oreorchis rather than Tainia.
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| 1 |
Leaves sessile, non-plicate, with a cordate base. |
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1 T. cordifolia |
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Leaves not as above |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Pseudobulbs swollen, globose or ovoid, usually consisting of several internodes; inflorescence lateral; lip with a ± distinct spur; petiole usually with an articulation ± halfway (absent in T. viridifusca) |
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(3) |
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Pseudobulbs thin, cylindric, sometimes swollen toward base, usually consisting of 1 internode; inflorescence terminal; lip at most very slightly saccate; petiole with an articulation |
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(8) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaves sessile, 4.5-7 × 3-5 cm, broadly ovate, fleshy or thickly leathery, dark purple abaxially. |
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2 T. longiscapa |
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Leaves not as above |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Lip entire or subentire (when subentire mid-lobe broadest at base), never distinctly 3-lobed, elliptic to slightly obovate in outline. |
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3 T. hongkongensis |
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Lip distinctly 3-lobed; mid-lobe distinctly narrowed toward base |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Lip blade more than 2 × as long as broad, keels always straight; lateral lobes ca. 1 mm wide, acuminate. |
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4 T. angustifolia |
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Lip blade less than 2 × as long as broad |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Lip with 3 lamellae on disk. |
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5 T. penangiana |
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Lip with 5 lamellae on disk |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Pseudobulb obliquely ovoid to ellipsoid, usually prostrate; petiole without an articulation ± halfway; keels on lip sometimes decreasing in height halfway between base of lip and base of lateral lobes, always ± at base of mid-lobe, then increasing in height again; sepals and petals brownish green or purplish brown. |
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6 T. viridifusca |
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Pseudobulb ± conic, erect; petiole with an articulation ± halfway; keels increasing in height uninterruptedly toward tip of lip; sepals and petals dull reddish yellow. |
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7 T. ruybarrettoi |
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| 8 (2) |
Lip entire. |
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8 T. emeiensis |
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Lip 3-lobed |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Inflorescence arising directly from a node |
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(10) |
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Inflorescence arising at least 2 mm above a node |
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(11) |
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| 10 (9) |
Mature plant less than ca. 15 cm high excluding inflorescence; leaves mottled and tessellate. |
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9 T. laxiflora |
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Mature plant usually well over 25 cm high, rarely smaller; leaves uniformly colored. |
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10 T. dunnii |
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| 11 (9) |
Lip with 5 lamellae on mid-lobe. |
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11 T. minor |
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Lip with 3 lamellae |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Lip elliptic to ovate, shorter than 20 mm; column foot shorter than 3 mm. |
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12 T. latifolia |
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Lip rhombic-hastate, longer than 30 mm; column foot longer than 10 mm. |
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13 T. macrantha |
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List of lower taxa
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