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11. Thladiantha Bunge, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 29. 1833.
赤瓟属 chi bao shu
Authors: Anmin Lu & Charles Jeffrey
Herbs, perennial, climbing, scandent, or prostrate. Roots usually tuberous. Stems herbaceous, scabrous. Tendrils simple or 2-fid. Leaves mostly simple, vary rarely pedately 3-7-foliolate; leaf blade cordate, margin dentate. Plants dioecious. Male flowers in cymes-racemes or rarely solitary; calyx tube broadly campanulate or cupular; segments 5, linear, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, 1-3-veined; corolla yellow, campanulate, 5-partite; segments oblong, broadly ovate, or obovate, usually 5-7-veined, entire; stamens 5, inserted on calyx tube, free, often 4 in pairs, other 1 free; filaments short; anthers oblong or ovoid, all 1-celled; anther cell erect; rudimentary ovary glandlike. Female flowers solitary or 2- or 3-fascicled on a short peduncle; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary ovoid, oblong, or fusiform, smooth or verrucose; ovules numerous, horizontal; style 3-fid; stigmas 3, 2-lobed, reniform. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, smooth or verrucose, many ribbed or not ribbed. Seeds numerous, horizontal.
Twenty-three species: Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan (introduced), Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam; 23 species (19 endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Bracts in male flowers flabelliform, dentate |
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(2) |
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Male flowers without flabelliform bracts |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Calyx segments entire, 0.6-3 mm wide. |
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1 T. cordifolia |
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Calyx segments dentate or irregularly lobed, (3-)4-11 mm wide |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Calyx segments (3-)4-6 mm wide, with 1-3 triangular lobes. |
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2 T. grandisepala |
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Calyx segments to 11 mm wide, flabelliform, margin irregularly lobed. |
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3 T. medogensis |
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| 4 (1) |
Ovary and fruit scaly or verrucose |
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(5) |
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Ovary and fruit not scaly or verrucose |
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(7) |
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| 5 (4) |
Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate-triangular; ovary and fruit verrucose. |
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23 T. longifolia |
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Leaf blade ovate-cordate; fruit with thick scales |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Ovary and fruit ovoid-globose, apex with a long rostrum, scales at base of fruit less than 5 mm, not adnate to pedicel. |
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21 T. pustulata |
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Ovary and fruit ovoid-oblong, apex without a rostrum, scales at base of fruit to 10 mm, adnate to pedicel. |
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22 T. henryi |
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| 7 (4) |
Leaves palmately deeply 5-lobed. |
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20 T. palmatipartita |
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Leaves not palmately deeply 5-lobed |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Male flowers congested at apex of rachis into pseudocapitulum |
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(9) |
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Male flowers in cyme-panicle, panicle, raceme, or rarely solitary, but not capitellate |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Calyx segments lanceolate, apex acute, 1-veined. |
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18 T. capitata |
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Calyx segments linear, apex obtuse, 3-veined. |
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19 T. davidii |
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| 10 (8) |
Plants sparsely hairy or subglabrous |
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(11) |
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Plants with dense multicellular setae, very rarely subglabrous |
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(15) |
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| 11 (10) |
Calyx segments 1-veined |
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(12) |
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Calyx segments 3-veined |
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(13) |
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| 12 (11) |
Basal lateral vein along base of leaf blade; calyx segments linear, over 9 mm. |
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13 T. oliveri |
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Basal lateral vein not along base of leaf blade; calyx segments triangular- lanceolate, 4-5 mm. |
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14 T. montana |
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| 13 (11) |
Tendrils 2-fid, leaves not lobed or lobed. |
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17 T. dentata |
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Tendrils simple, leaves not lobed |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate; tendrils filiform; pedicel in male flowers 1.2-2.5 cm; fruit with a long beak. |
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15 T. maculata |
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Leaf blade narrowly ovate or narrowly ovate-lanceolate; tendrils robust; pedicel 0.5-1 cm; fruit without beak. |
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16 T. punctata |
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| 15 (10) |
Leaves simple, unlobed or margin lobed or serrate, or pedately 3-5-foliolate. |
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4 T. hookeri |
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Leaves unlobed, rarely irregularly lobed |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Tendrils simple |
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(17) |
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Tendrils 2-fid |
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(19) |
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| 17 (16) |
Male flowers solitary or in a short raceme, bracts leaflike. |
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5 T. dubia |
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Male flowers without bracts |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Petiole less than 1.5 cm, leaf blade lanceolate or narrowly ovate. |
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6 T. sessilifolia |
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Petiole over 2 cm, leaf blade ovate-cordate. |
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7 T. villosula |
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| 19 (16) |
Male flowers dimorphic, solitary, and in raceme with (2 or)3(-5) flowers in axil of same leaf. |
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8 T. dimorphantha |
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Male flowers in panicle or raceme |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Stem and leaves with pale yellow multicellular setae or very rarely subglabrous, sinus at base of leaf closed; fruit orange-red when mature. |
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9 T. nudiflora |
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Stem and leaves with gray-white multicellular setae, sinus at base of leaf open; fruit whitish yellow when mature |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Calyx segments broadly lanceolate or obovate-oblong, 10-15 mm. |
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10 T. longisepala |
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Calyx segments triangular-lanceolate, less than 10 mm |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Ovary and fruit with dense yellow-brown spiniform setae; seeds 6.5-7 mm, sparsely irregularly verrucose on surface. |
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11 T. setispina |
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Ovary and fruit with long setae; seeds 4.5-5 mm, not verrucose on surface. |
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12 T. lijiangensis |
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List of lower taxa
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