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15. Tulipa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 305. 1753.
郁金香属 yu jin xiang shu
Chen Xinqi (陈心启 Chen Sing-chi); Helen V. Mordak1
Amana Honda; Orithyia D. Don.
Herbs perennial, bulbiferous. Bulbs truncate basally, sometimes elongate and tapering apically, covered with a tunic; tunic usually hairy inside. Stem simple or occasionally branched, proximal part usually underground. Leaves basal and cauline, spaced or ± crowded, rarely opposite, sessile and clasping at base, linear to narrowly ovate. Inflorescence usually 1-flowered; bracts absent or sometimes present. Flowers bisexual, erect, campanulate to saucer-shaped. Tepals 6, free, often colored, outer and inner ones different in shape, apex usually with a minute tuft of white hairs. Stamens 6, equal or 3 longer; filaments sometimes hairy; anthers basifixed. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules many per locule. Style columnar or very short; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds flat, usually subdeltoid.
About 150 species: temperate regions of N Africa, Asia, and Europe, mainly in C Asia and the Mediterranean region; 13 species (one endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Bracts 2--4, much smaller than leaves. |
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(2) |
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Bracts absent. |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaves conspicuously overtopping flower, 10--25 × 0.5--0.9(--1.2) cm; bracts usually 2, opposite, very rarely 3 and whorled |
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1 Tulipa edulis |
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Leaves slightly or scarcely overtopping flower, 7--15 × (0.5--)0.9--2.2 cm; bracts usually 3 or 4, whorled, very rarely 2 and opposite |
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2 Tulipa erythronioides |
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| 3 (1) |
Filaments hairy at least toward base. |
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(4) |
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Filaments glabrous. |
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(6) |
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| 4 (3) |
Tunic woolly-pubescent inside distally; capsule subglobose |
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10 Tulipa biflora |
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Tunic appressed hairy inside distally or glabrous; capsule oblong. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Tepals yellow at base; filaments hairy at base |
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9 Tulipa patens |
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Tepals not yellow at base; filaments wholly hairy, rarely so only at base |
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11 Tulipa dasystemon |
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| 6 (3) |
Leaves 2, opposite; tunic glabrous inside |
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12 Tulipa heterophylla |
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Leaves 2--4 or more, spaced or ± crowded but never opposite; tunic usually hairy inside. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Style 1.5--4 mm; stem glabrous. |
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(8) |
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Style less than 1 mm. |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Stamens equal; style 1.5--2 mm |
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8 Tulipa sinkiangensis |
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Stamens unequal, inner ones longer than outer; style to 4 mm |
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13 Tulipa uniflora |
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| 9 (7) |
Outer tepals yellow, not tinged with other color abaxially |
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4 Tulipa iliensis |
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Outer tepals yellow, tinged with violet, red, purplish, green or other deep color abaxially. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Tunic with appressed hairs inside basally and distally |
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7 Tulipa altaica |
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Tunic with appressed hairs inside only distally. |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Stem usually densely or sparsely pubescent; filaments slightly dilated at middle and gradually narrowed at both ends |
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4 Tulipa iliensis |
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Stem glabrous; filaments dilated in basal or distal part. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Filaments gradually attenuate from base; leaves spaced |
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3 Tulipa kolpakovskiana |
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Filaments dilated in distal part; leaves ± crowded. |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaves 3, 5--10 mm wide; flower solitary, tepals 1.5--2.5 cm |
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5 Tulipa thianschanica |
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Leaves (3--)5 or 6(or 7), 10--15 mm wide; flowers 1--4, tepals 3--4 cm |
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6 Tulipa tetraphylla |
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List of lower taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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