凤凰堇菜 feng huang jin cai

Viola takedana Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 21: 57. 1907; V. funghuangensis P. Y. Fu & Y. C. Teng.

Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 5-15 cm tall. Rhizome erect or obliquely ascending, short, 0.5-3 cm, slender, with numerous white rootlets, sometimes with underground stolons; roots elongating, producing new individuals. Leaves several, basal; stipules nearly 1/2 adnate to petioles, free part lanceolate, 5-10 mm, margin remotely denticulate; petiole narrowly winged, 5-11 cm, glabrous, usually purple in lower part, sometimes with sparse hairs; leaf blade triangular-ovate to narrowly ovate, 1.8-5 × 1.2-3 cm, larger at fruiting, to 11 × 6 cm, adaxially green to dark green, sometimes white variegated on veins, both surfaces slightly pubescent or glabrous, base deeply cordate, margin shallowly crenate-serrate, apex acuminate. Flowers white or red-purple; pedicels slender, usually exceeding leaves at anthesis, glabrous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 6-10 mm; appendages 2-3 mm, apex obtuse or shallowly dentate. Lateral petals bearded, anterior one 1.4-1.8 cm (spur included), purple striate in lower parts; spur cylindric, 5-6 mm. Ovary glabrous; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward, stigmas with broader margin on two lateral sides and behind, shortly beaked in front, with a slightly upward stigma hole at tip. Capsule ellipsoid or ovoid, 7-11 mm, glabrous. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Aug.

Deciduous mountain forests; below 900 m. E Jilin, Liaoning [Japan, Korea].

In FRPS (51: 56. 1991), the name Viola monbeigii W. Becker was misapplied to this taxon. True V. monbeigii is a synonym of V. belophylla (species no. 66).

Viola tokubuchiana var. tokubuchiana occurs in Japan.