荷包牡丹 he bao mu dan

Fumaria spectabilis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 699. 1753; Capnorchis spectabilis (Linnaeus) Borkhausen; Dicentra spectabilis (Linnaeus) Lemaire; Diclytra spectabilis (Linnaeus) Candolle; Dielytra spectabilis (Linnaeus) G. Don; Eucapnos spectabilis (Linnaeus) Siebold & Zuccarini.

Herbs, perennial, glabrous, with ± erect, branched, leafy, rather thick, juicy stems 50-90 cm. Petiole 5-12 cm; leaf blade glaucous abaxially, green adaxially, broadly triangular in outline, 10-30 × 10-30 cm, 2 to almost 3 × ternately divided; leaflets cuneate, ± deeply divided into broad acute lobes or coarse teeth. Inflorescences terminal and axillary from upper leaves, racemelike, almost horizontal, long, lax, 7-15-flowered, subtended by linear bracts 3-5(-10) mm. Pedicel 5-15 mm, thin, with tiny paired bracteoles. Flowers with 2 planes of symmetry, ± cordate, 20-25 mm wide. Sepals early falling, 3-4 mm, entire. Outer petals pink or occasionally white, base broadly pouchlike; inner petals white, usually with red and yellow markings, 22-25 mm, projecting far beyond strongly reflexed outer petals and each with a prominent whitish crest. Stamens rather wide and undulate, petaloid, free from each other, each triplet only shortly fused below anthers; nectar secreted from base of each central stamen. Ovary green, fusiform; style persistent; stigma oblong, slightly 2-lobed at base and apically. Capsule oblong, 2-8-seeded, 25-35 mm, including a long straight persistent style. Seeds black, rounded, (2.5-)3 mm, smooth, with a large lobed elaiosome. Fl. and fr. Apr-Jun. 2n = 16.

Moist grasslands, slopes, open deciduous forests; 800-2800 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [N Korea, extreme SE Russia].

This is a very long-cultivated ornamental plant, sometimes found as a garden escape.