5. Galearis roborowskyi (Maximowicz) S. C. Chen, P. J. Cribb & S. W. Gale, Fl. China. 25: 92. 2009.
北方盔花兰 bei fang kui hua lan
Basionym: Orchis roborowskyi Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 31: 104. 1887; Aorchis roborowskyi (Maximowicz) Seidenfaden; Chusua roborowskyi (Maximowicz) P. F. Hunt; Galearis paxiana (Schlechter) P. F. Hunt; G. stracheyi (J. D. Hooker) P. F. Hunt; G. szechenyiana (H. G. Reichenbach ex Kanitz) P. F. Hunt; Galeorchis paxiana (Schlechter) Soó; G. roborowskyi (Maximowicz) Nevski; G. stracheyi (J. D. Hooker) Soó; G. szechenyiana (H. G. Reichenbach ex Kanitz) Soó; Orchis paxiana Schlechter; O. stracheyi J. D. Hooker; O. szechenyiana H. G. Reichenbach ex Kanitz.
Plants 5-15 cm tall. Rhizome fleshy. Stem with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths at base, 1(or 2)-leaved. Leaves basal, ovate, ovate-orbicular, or narrowly oblong, 3-9 × 1-2.5 cm, base attenuate into a clasping sheath, apex obtuse to subacute. Inflorescence 5-10 cm, somewhat slender; rachis 2-3.5 cm, with 1-5 often secund flowers; floral bracts ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, apex acuminate, basal one often longer than flower. Flowers spreading, pinkish white or purple, medium-sized; ovary fusiform, 8-10 mm including pedicel. Sepals purplish red, nearly equal in size, 6-7 × ca. 4 mm; dorsal sepal erect, ovate to ovate-oblong, concave, 3-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals erect to slightly spreading, ovate-oblong, oblique, 3-veined, apex obtuse. Petals erect, forming a hood with dorsal sepal, purplish red, ovate, 5-6 × ca. 2.5 mm, slightly smaller than sepals, 3-veined, apex obtuse to acute; lip spreading horizontally, purple, deeply 3-lobed near apex, broadly ovate, ca. 7 × 8-9 mm, longer than petals, base contracted, spurred; lateral lobes triangular to obtusely triangular, margin undulate, apex acuminate to obtuse; mid-lobe oblong to triangular, apex obtuse; spur pendulous, curved forward, cylindric, 6-9 mm, almost as long as to slightly longer than ovary, slender, apex obtuse. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Sep.
Forests, scrub, alpine meadows; 1700-4500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Qinghai, W Sichuan, Xinjiang, S Xizang [Bhutan, India, Nepal].
