1	Culms 2-6 cm tall, concealed in lower part of leaves; leaves pubescent		(2)
+	Culms 10-40 cm tall, rarely up to 60 cm tall, exserted; leaves glabrous		(5)
2 (1)	Leaves thin, hair-shaped; rhizome slender, creeping or obliquely ascending; culms loosely tufted; female spike loosely 1-3-flowered; female glumes lanceolate, ferruginous or pale ferruginous.		134 C. callitrichos
+	Leaves flat, 1-1.5 mm wide; rhizome short; culms densely tufted; female spike loosely 2-5(-7)-flowered; female glumes brown or purple-brown		(3)
3 (2)	Female glumes ovate, ca. 4 mm, apex acute.		135 C. humilis
+	Female glumes oblong or obovate-lanceolate, ca. 3 mm, apex rounded, shortly awned, or aristate		(4)
4 (3)	Culms roundly trigonous; male spike 4-6 mm; nutlets ovate, long stipitate.		136 C. minuticulmis
+	Culms subterete; male spike 7-7.5 mm; nutlets narrowly elliptic, shortly stipitate.		137 C. pseudohumilis
5 (1)	Culms lateral; female spike 2-10- or more flowered		(6)
+	Culms centric; female spike 10- or more to many flowered, rarely 2-4-flowered		(8)
6 (5)	Male spike lower than adjacent female spike, female spike 2-4-flowered, rachis tortuous.		138 C. quadriflora
+	Male spike taller than adjacent female spike, female spike 4-10- or more flowered, rachis strict		(7)
7 (6)	Female spike 4-6-flowered; female glumes purplish brown; utricles with ± long and conic beak at apex; leaf blades 6-7 mm wide, sheaths dark brown and persistent.		139 C. lancifolia
+	Female spike 10- or more flowered; female glumes brown; utricles with short beak at apex; leaf blades 2-4 mm wide, sheaths purple-red or dark red and persistent.		140 C. erythrobasis
8 (5)	Female glumes yellowish or greenish		(9)
+	Female glumes brownish, brown, or purple-brown		(11)
9 (8)	Female glumes yellowish; nutlets long beaked at apex and exserted from orifice; male spike taller than or equaling adjacent female spike; leaf blades 0.5-1.5 mm wide, soft.		141 C. yuexiensis
+	Female glumes greenish; nutlets shortly beaked at apex, not exserted from orifice; male spike distinctly taller than adjacent female spike; leaf blades 2-4 mm wide, stiff		(10)
10 (9)	Female spikes long pedunculate and exserted from involucral bract sheath; utricles nearly equaling glume, 2-veined laterally and thinly several veined; leaves shorter than culm, persistent sheaths dark brown.		142 C. tapinzensis
+	Female spikes shortly pedunculate, not or slightly exserted from involucral bract sheath; utricles shorter than glume, 2-veined laterally, not thinly veined; leaves nearly equaling culm, persistent sheaths yellow-brown or brown.		143 C. qingyangensis
11 (8)	Rhizome long and creeping; culms loosely tufted		(12)
+	Rhizome short, obliquely ascending; culms densely tufted		(13)
12 (11)	Utricles broadly obovate, with several convex veins, ± estipitate; spikes approximate, female spikes oblong, densely flowered or loosely few flowered at lower part; female glumes brown; leaf blades linear, not up to 0.5 mm wide.		144 C. pachyneura
+	Utricles obovate-oblong, 2-veined laterally and not thinly veined, shortly stipitate; spikes remote, female spikes linear, loosely flowered; female glumes purple-brown; leaf blades flat, 1-2.5 mm wide.		145 C. capilliculmis
13 (11)	Leaves stiff; male spike 4-8 cm		(14)
+	Leaves soft; male spike not exceeding 3 cm		(17)
14 (13)	Female spikes cylindric, 3.5-5 cm, 5-7 mm thick, peduncle slightly stiff, usually not exserted from involucral bract sheath; male glumes narrowly lanceolate, 8-10 mm, apex acuminate; female glumes narrowly oblong, 4-4.5 mm.		149 C. shuchengensis
+	Female spikes linear-cylindric, 2-4 cm, 3-4 mm thick, peduncle slender, long exserted from involucral bract sheath; male glumes oblong, 6-8 mm, apex rounded, acute, or truncate; female glumes oblong, 3-3.5 mm		(15)
15 (14)	Male glumes 8-8.5 mm, apex truncate; female glumes green at middle, brown or brown-red laterally, rounded at apex.		148 C. macrosandra
+	Male glumes 6-7 mm, apex rounded or acute; female glumes brownish		(16)
16 (15)	Leaves slightly shorter than culm, abaxial surface pale cinereous, densely papillose; female glumes rounded at apex; culms 40-100 cm tall.		146 C. sichouensis
+	Leaves longer than culm, slightly scabrous abaxially; female glumes acuminate at apex; culms 30-50 cm tall.		147 C. meihsienica
17 (13)	Female spikes with rather short peduncle, usually not exserted or slightly exserted from involucral bract sheath, lowermost one slightly remote, but not basal		(18)
+	Female spike long stipitate, peduncle filiform, pendulous, long exserted from involucral bract sheath, lowermost one far from upper spike or subbasal		(22)
18 (17)	Female spikes 2-4-flowered; utricles broadly ovoid or obovate-elliptic, 2-veined laterally and thinly several veined, apex abruptly contracted into a short or medium-sized beak		(19)
+	Female spikes densely many flowered; utricles obovate or obovate-oblong, 2-veined laterally, with or without thin veins, apex shortly beaked		(20)
19 (18)	Rhizome elongate and creeping; spikes usually 2, male spike 1.2-1.3 cm, taller than adjacent female spike; utricles broadly ovoid, ca. 3.5 mm, apex abruptly contracted into a medium- sized beak.		161 C. scolopendriformis
+	Rhizome short; spikes usually 3 or 4, male spike ca. 0.5 cm, shorter than adjacent female spike; utricles obovate-elliptic or elliptic, 5-6 mm, apex abruptly contracted into a short beak.		162 C. infossa
20 (18)	Leaves involute on margins, linear, shorter than culm; spikes approximate except lowermost one remote.		158 C. crebra
+	Leaves flat, longer than or equaling culm; spikes remote		(21)
21 (20)	Involucral bract blades shortly leaflike, involucral bract sheaths green, narrowly membranous and white at sheath mouth; spike densely many flowered; rachis strict; leaves shorter than or equaling culm.		159 C. pediformis
+	Lower 1 or 2 involucral bract blades setaceous, remaining blades mucro-shaped, green abaxially, elsewhere brown, membranous and white at sheath mouth and margins; spike loosely or somewhat densely 5-10- or more flowered; rachis tortuous; leaves longer than culm after flowering.		160 C. lanceolata
22 (17)	Female glumes only ca. 2 mm, brownish; utricles narrowly elliptic, 2-2.5 mm; male spike sometimes with 1-3 female flowers at base, female spike sometimes with a few male flowers at apex or 1-3-branched at base; persistent leaf sheaths brownish.		150 C. shaanxiensis
+	Female glumes longer than 3 mm, usually purple-brown or dark purple-brown, sometimes brown, dark brown, or brownish; utricles oblong or obovate-oblong, 3-5 mm; male spike without female flowers, female spike without male flowers; persistent leaf sheaths dark brown		(23)
23 (22)	Female glumes 3-3.5 mm, without white hyaline margins; utricles 3-3.2 mm.		151 C. laeta
+	Female glumes 3-5 mm, with broad white hyaline margins; utricles 3-5 mm		(24)
24 (23)	Utricles ca. 3 mm, nearly beakless at apex; style thickened, ovoid, all exserted from utricle; female glumes purple-brown, ca. 3 mm.		152 C. globistylosa
+	Utricles longer than 4 mm, shortly beaked at apex; style not thickened or only slightly thickened at base, not exserted from utricle; female glumes 3.8-5 mm		(25)
25 (24)	Utricles hispidulous on veins and upper margins; female spike densely flowered but loosely flowered at lower part; female glumes truncate or emarginate at apex.		153 C. huolushanensis
+	Utricles densely pubescent or puberulent; female spike densely flowered; female glumes rounded or emarginate at apex		(26)
26 (25)	Female glumes dark brown, scabrous abaxially and on veins; leaves much shorter than culm; involucral bract blades setaceous.		154 C. chiwuana
+	Female glumes brownish or dark purple-brown, smooth abaxially; leaves shorter than or nearly equaling culm; involucral bract blades shortly leaflike		(27)
27 (26)	Female glumes dark purple-brown, mucronate at apex; utricles only 2-veined laterally.		157 C. obovatosquamata
+	Female glumes brownish, shortly awned or muticous at apex; utricles 2-veined laterally and thinly several veined		(28)
28 (27)	Culms trigonous, scabrous; female glumes 4.3-4.7 mm.		155 C. cardiolepis
+	Culms subterete, smooth; female glumes 2-3 mm.		156 C. dayuongensis