1	Culm sheath blade erect, triangular, base about as wide as apex of culm sheaths; auricles absent, ligule short; dominant branches 3; pseudospikelets 1–10 per fascicle, not in globose head; lemma shortly mucronate		(2)
+	Culm sheath blade reflexed or erect, when erect apex of culm sheaths broadly ovate; mouth and base of culm sheath narrow; dominant branches none or 1 (but 3 in D. brandisii); pseudospikelets many, clustered, globose; glumes and lemma long mucronate		(3)
2 (1)	Culms 12–25 m, 12–18 cm in diam.; branching from 9th to 14th node up; lemma apically obtuse.		6 D. tibeticus
+	Culms 7–15 m, 6–8 cm in diam.; branching from ca. 4th node up; lemma apically deeply cleft.		5 D. bambusoides
3 (1)	Culm sheath blade reflexed, ligule well developed, marginal cilia or bristles 1.5–2 cm; spikelets flat on both sides, apex obtuse; florets separate from each other and each opening when mature; lemmas all 2-keeled; lodicules absent or 2; stigmas 1, rarely 3		(4)
+	Culm sheath blade erect or reflexed; ligule short, to 10 mm, marginal cilia or bristles absent or to 1 cm; spikelets rounded, apex acute; florets not separate from each other and remaining closed when mature; lemma of upper floret not 2-keeled; lodicules absent; stigmas 1 (but 2 in D. brandisii)		(7)
4 (3)	Culm sheath auricles obvious; oral setae 5–10 mm; ligule 2–3 mm, marginal cilia or setae 1.5–2 cm.		10 D. liboensis
+	Culm sheath auricles reduced or absent; oral setae to 3 mm; marginal cilia usually to 1 cm		(5)
5 (4)	Culm sheath ligules 4–10 mm; leaf sheaths initially hispid.		7 D. farinosus
+	Culm sheath ligules 2–4 mm; leaf sheaths glabrous		(6)
6 (5)	Culm internodes initially sparsely white powdery, wall very thin (1–4 mm); culm sheath ligule ca. 2 mm, with marginal cilia 5–10 mm.		8 D. tsiangii
+	Culm internodes initially densely white powdery, wall thick; culm sheath ligule ca. 4 mm, fimbriate or with marginal cilia 1–2 mm.		9 D. pulverulentus
7 (3)	Culm sheath blade erect; ligule 2–3 mm		(8)
+	Culm sheath blade reflexed (but erect in D. brandisii); ligule (2–)3–10 mm		(10)
8 (7)	Cavity of culm narrow, or absent in basal internodes; pseudospikelets rigid, usually ciliate; glume and lemma both long mucronate.		1 D. strictus
+	Cavity of culm broad; pseudospikelets soft, usually glabrous; glume and lemma usually shortly mucronate		(9)
9 (8)	Culms nodding, internodes partially covered with gray scurfy stripes initially; pseudospikelets globose, 1–2 cm in diam		11 D. hamiltonii
+	Culms pendulous, but because of developed main branch (sometimes as robust as culm) upper part of culm climbing; internode completely covered with gray cilia, cilia not in stripes; pseudospikelets globose, 1.9–3.2 cm in diam		12 D. semiscandens
10 (7)	Culm sheath auricles and oral setae inconspicuous		(11)
+	Culm sheath auricles obvious, oral setae well developed, 5–8 mm		(13)
11 (10)	Internodes white powdery, without hairs; pseudospikelets usually glabrous; leaves thin.		2 D. membranaceus
+	Internodes white hairy; pseudospikelets usually ciliate		(12)
12 (11)	Internodes with stripes of gray cilia, dominant branches developed or not, other branches on same node slender and surrounding culm; culm sheath ligule ca. 10 mm; culm 20–40 m, 12.5–20 cm in diam		13 D. brandisii
+	Internodes with uniformly distributed, gray cilia, cilia not in stripes; dominant branches 3, other branches on same node not enclosing culm; culm sheath ligule 4–5 mm; culms 7–10 m, to 8 cm in diam		4 D. birmanicus
13 (10)	Leaves 1–2 cm wide, secondary veins 5- or 6-paired.		3 D. barbatus
+	Leaves (1.5–)3–7 cm wide, secondary veins 7–13-paired		(14)
14 (13)	Internodes white powdery, glabrous; leaf blade 15–30 × 3.8–7 cm, secondary veins 10–12-paired; culm sheath auricles obvious.		14 D. sikkimensis
+	Internodes very thinly white powdery, brown setose; leaf blade 20–35 × 3–5 cm, secondary veins 7–11-paired; culm sheath auricles inconspicuous.		15 D. asper