1	Axils of cauline leaves with axillary bulbils or (late) fleshy rooting dwarf shoots		(2)
+	Cauline leaves without axillary bulbils or fleshy dwarf shoots		(10)
2 (1)	Stems slender, simple, with 6-15 small leaves in upper 1/2 of stem		(3)
+	Main stem with fewer leaves, often leafy also in lower 1/2		(5)
3 (2)	Leaflets serrate-dentate; sepals large, fimbriate-dentate.		315 C. virginea
+	Leaflets not serrate-dentate; sepals small		(4)
4 (3)	Leaves sessile; flowers blue; spur longer than limb of upper petal.		314 C. bulbilligera
+	Leaves stalked; flowers pink; spur equaling limb of upper petal.		313 C. schweriniana
5 (2)	Outer petals conspicuously crested.		303 C. calycosa
+	Crest of outer petals absent or very small		(6)
6 (5)	Spur tapering, longer than limb of upper petal.		294 C. schusteriana
+	Spur cylindric, equaling or shorter than limb		(7)
7 (6)	Plant procumbent; flowers purple.		318 C. suzhiyunii
+	Plant suberect; flowers blue		(8)
8 (7)	Leaf lobes broad, crenate-lobate to crenate-dentate.		320 C. pseudoweigoldii
+	Leaf lobes entire, oblong		(9)
9 (8)	Spur shorter than limb; plant with fleshy dwarf shoots in lower cauline leaves.		302 C. balsamiflora
+	Spur ca. as long as limb; plant with small bulbils in bractlike upper leaves.		301 C. flexuosa
10 (1)	Outer petals with dorsal crests		(11)
+	Outer petals not crested		(32)
11 (10)	Racemes 15-25(-35)-flowered, densely papillose-pubescent; roots narrowly fusiform, 20-50 × 1-2 mm.		278 C. rorida
+	Racemes glabrous or with fewer flowers; roots linear		(12)
12 (11)	Sepals deeply lacerate, (2-)3-9 × 1-6 mm		(13)
+	Sepals either much smaller or not deeply divided		(17)
13 (12)	Stem with thin erect branches; rhizome short with crowded globular persistent petiolar bases; leaflets coarsely serrate or cut into acute lobules; inner pair of leaflets on upper leaves stipulelike.		316 C. nanwutaishanensis
+	Stems simple; persistent fleshy petiolar bases not globular		(14)
14 (13)	Plant with long branched stolons; sepals richly lacerate-dentate		(15)
+	Plant not stoloniferous; sepals with few long laciniae		(16)
15 (14)	Sepals 4-9 × 3-6 mm; radical leaves prominent.		285 C. barbisepala
+	Sepals 3-4 × 1-3 mm; radical leaves early withering at flowering nodes.		290 C. susannae
16 (14)	Upper petal 15-19 mm.		283 C. gymnopoda
+	Upper petal 23-26 mm.		284 C. pseudobarbisepala
17 (12)	Spur longer than inner petals, or if equal, then longer than 11 mm		(18)
+	Spur shorter than inner petals, or if equal, then not longer than 10 mm		(24)
18 (17)	Stems simple or with a single late branch from uppermost leaf; rhizome columnar, horizontal, densely clad with fleshy persistent petiolar bases for a considerable part		(19)
+	Stems branched; rhizome variable		(20)
19 (18)	Crest of outer petals broad, obtuse, overtopping apex.		303 C. calycosa
+	Crest of outer petals narrow. ..... go to 32a		(18)
20 (18)	Outer petals acuminate; lower petal gibbous at base; fruit obovoid, ca. 3 mm in diam		(21)
+	Outer petals obtuse to acute or shortly mucronate; lower petal straight; fruit linear-oblong to narrowly fusiform, to 2 mm in diam		(22)
21 (20)	Racemes (3-)6-12-flowered; leaves ternate to biternate; spur 12-14 mm.		288 C. aquilegioides
+	Racemes 10-30-flowered; leaves bi-(tri-)ternate; spur 10-12 mm.		286 C. elata
22 (20)	Spur downcurved at tip; inner petals 8-10 mm; stems usually many, suberect to ascending, 8-15(-25) cm.		280 C. panda
+	Spur straight; inner petals 12-14 mm; stems erect, 20-60 cm		(23)
23 (22)	Crest of outer petals broad, obtuse, overtopping apex; radical leaves biternate.		303 C. calycosa
+	Crest of outer petals narrow; radical leaves triternate.		301 C. flexuosa
24 (17)	Crest of upper petal conspicuous, overtopping apex; racemes dense		(25)
+	Crest of upper petal narrow, not overtopping apex; racemes dense or lax		(27)
25 (24)	Lower petal saccate; capsule elliptic; stem simple.		307 C. humicola
+	Lower petal straight; capsule linear-oblong; stem usually branched		(26)
26 (25)	Crest deeply serrate, upper petal 18-19 mm.		304 C. capitata
+	Crest entire, upper petal 21-29 mm.		303 C. calycosa
27 (24)	Stems (5-)10-20(-25) cm; racemes 3-12(-16)-flowered		(28)
+	Stems 30-60 cm; racemes 10-30-flowered		(30)
28 (27)	Leaf lobes 2-3 mm wide; capsule elliptic, ca. 10 mm; upper petal 16-19 mm, spur tapering to apex.		279 C. aeaeae
+	Leaf lobes much broader; capsule linear, 25-30 mm; upper petal 21-26 mm, spur broad at apex		(29)
29 (28)	Outer petals emarginate.		298 C. lagochila
+	Outer petals obtuse, mucronate.		299 C. mucronipetala
30 (27)	Upper petal 15-17 mm, with thin straight upturned spur without nectary; racemes long, spikelike.		296 C. angusta
+	Upper petal 19-24 mm, spur straight or downcurved, nectary present		(31)
31 (30)	Stems erect, branched; pedicels 10-20 mm at anthesis.		286 C. elata
+	Stems ascending, simple or with a single branch from uppermost leaf; pedicels 7-10 mm at anthesis.		292 C. aeditua
32 (10)	Upper petal 12-20 mm, spur 5-10 mm		(33)
+	Upper petal 21-30 mm, spur 11-18 mm		(46)
33 (32)	Rhizome/rootstock horizontal, columnar, 3-9 cm, clad with thick petiolar bases		(34)
+	Rhizome shorter, not distinctly columnar		(36)
34 (33)	Raceme lax; flowers nodding; spur tapering to apex, apically downcurved.		293 C. leucanthema
+	Raceme dense; flowers not nodding; spur cylindric, straight		(35)
35 (34)	Stem 40-60 cm, branched.		296 C. angusta
+	Stem (10-)20-30 cm, simple.		309 C. dongchuanensis
36 (33)	Stems branched		(37)
+	Stems simple		(41)
37 (36)	Spur of upper petal 5-7 mm; stems 15-30 cm		(38)
+	Spur of upper petal 9-11 mm; stems 30-80 cm		(39)
38 (37)	All bracts entire, elliptic.		306 C. cataractarum
+	Lower bracts divided.		282 C. pingwuensis
39 (37)	Stem with 2 or 3 leaves in upper 1/2; fruit obovoid.		287 C. harrysmithii
+	Stem with 5-10 scattered leaves; fruit linear		(40)
40 (39)	Stems several, strictly erect; leaflets deeply cut into lanceolate, acute to acuminate lobules.		321 C. mairei
+	Stems 1 to few, suberect to ascending; leaflets cut into obovate shallowly crenate-dentate lobes.		320 C. pseudoweigoldii
41 (36)	Plant finely papillose-pubescent		(42)
+	Plant glabrous		(43)
42 (41)	Outer petals acute.		281 C. papillosa
+	Outer petals broadly obtuse to subemarginate.		279 C. aeaeae
43 (41)	Spur of upper petal 5-7 mm; raceme 8-14-flowered.		282 C. pingwuensis
+	Spur 9-10 mm; raceme 3-8-flowered		(44)
44 (43)	Spur very thin, longer than inner petals.		317 C. lidenii
+	Spur equaling inner petals		(45)
45 (44)	Lower bract leaflike; capsule linear; outer petals subacute.		305 C. microflora
+	Lower bracts not leaflike; capsule fusiform; outer petals broadly obtuse to subemarginate.		279 C. aeaeae
46 (32)	Bracts much divided into narrow lobes; leaves biternate with much divided leaflets; capsule obovoid, very thick-walled; rhizome thick, columnar, densely clad with persistent petiolar bases; upper petal broad, 25-30 mm		(47)
+	Bracts and leaves less divided; capsule thin-walled		(49)
47 (46)	Spur thick, straight or slightly curved, ca. 15 mm.		312 C. sarcolepis
+	Spur slender and curved at apex, 15-18 mm		(48)
48 (47)	Pedicels 5-10 mm at anthesis, to 15 mm in fruit; spur much curved at apex; capsule ca. 10 mm; leaves biternate; style ca. 3 mm.		310 C. caput-medusae
+	Pedicels 10-15 mm at anthesis, to 20 mm in fruit; spur slightly curved; capsule 13-14 mm; leaves triternate; style ca. 5 mm.		311 C. weigoldii
49 (46)	Stems simple or with a single late branch above		(50)
+	Stems early branched or with at least 2 branches		(59)
50 (49)	Pedicels 5-10 mm in anthesis		(51)
+	Pedicels longer		(53)
51 (50)	Petioles of cauline leaves from 1 cm (upper) to 7 cm.		294 C. schusteriana
+	Cauline leaves shortly stalked to subsessile		(52)
52 (51)	Spur 15-16 mm, nectary ca. 2/5 as long as spur.		297 C. procera
+	Spur 11-13 mm, nectary ca. 2/3 as long as spur.		292 C. aeditua
53 (50)	Lower petal saccate at base		(54)
+	Claw of lower petal straight		(56)
54 (53)	Upper petal 26-28 mm; lower pedicels ca. 30 mm; cauline leaf single, ternate, lobes rounded.		295 C. yaoi
+	Upper petal 20-25 mm; lower pedicels 10-20 mm; cauline leaves 2-5, ultimate lobes oblong to oblanceolate		(55)
55 (54)	Outer petals long acuminate, spur of upper petal 12-13 mm with nectary ca. 2/5 as long as spur.		308 C. heterocentra
+	Outer petals acute to shortly acuminate, spur of upper petal 9-10 mm with nectary ca. 3/5 as long as spur.		309 C. dongchuanensis
56 (53)	Spur shorter than inner petals.		302 C. balsamiflora
+	Spur equal to or longer than inner petals		(57)
57 (56)	Leaves biternate; lower petal obtuse, upper acute.		301 C. flexuosa
+	Leaves ternate to biternate; lower petal acuminate		(58)
58 (57)	Sepals 2-3.5 × 2-3 mm, early falling.		291 C. omeiana
+	Sepals minute.		289 C. stolonifera
59 (49)	Spur of upper petal shorter than or equaling inner petals, 9-13 mm		(60)
+	Spur of upper petal clearly longer than inner petals, 12-18 mm		(65)
60 (59)	Upper petal 26-29 mm; pedicels 15-30 mm at anthesis.		302 C. balsamiflora
+	Upper petal 20-25 mm; pedicels 7-20 mm at anthesis		(61)
61 (60)	Stems with 2-4 leaves; fruit obovoid		(62)
+	Stems with 5-10 leaves; fruit linear to oblong		(63)
62 (61)	Corolla nodding; rhizome thick, columnar, to 7 cm, densely clad with fleshy petiolar bases.		293 C. leucanthema
+	Corolla not nodding; rhizome not columnar.		287 C. harrysmithii
63 (61)	Stems several, strictly erect; leaflets deeply cut into lanceolate, acute to acuminate lobules.		321 C. mairei
+	Stems 1 to few, procumbent to ascending to suberect; leaflets cut into obovate, obtuse, sometimes crenate-dentate lobes		(64)
64 (63)	Stem pubescent below; leaf lobes not dentate.		320 C. pseudoweigoldii
+	Stem glabrous; leaf lobes crenate-dentate to shallowly divided.		318 C. suzhiyunii
65 (59)	Stems leafy throughout		(66)
+	Stems leafy only in upper 1/2		(67)
66 (65)	Stems erect; leaf lobes acute; corolla blue to purple.		321 C. mairei
+	Stems decumbent; leaf lobes rounded; corolla creamy white.		300 C. madida
67 (65)	Lower pedicels 25-45 mm; racemes very lax, lower bracts like upper leaf, 3-5 cm; fruit linear.		319 C. pseudomairei
+	Pedicels and bracts shorter; fruit obovoid		(68)
68 (67)	Outer petals conspicuously acuminate; sepals 2-3.5 × 2-3 mm, early falling.		291 C. omeiana
+	Outer petals acute to very shortly acuminate; sepals smaller		(69)
69 (68)	Corolla not nodding; rhizome not columnar.		287 C. harrysmithii
+	Corolla nodding; rhizome thick, columnar, to 7 cm, densely clad with fleshy petiolar bases.		293 C. leucanthema