1 |
Plants evergreen; pinnae leathery, stiff, with hard spinules on margin (1. P. ser. Hypopeltis). |
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79 P. aculeatum |
+ |
Plants evergreen or summer-green; pinnae thinly papery, papery or thickly papery, not stiff, with soft spinules or without spinules on margin |
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(2) |
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|
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2 (1) |
Microscales shorter than 0.6 mm (short-type) |
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(3) |
+ |
Microscales longer than 1 mm (long-type) |
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(19) |
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3 (2) |
Veins clavate and unusually swollen at ends (hydathodes) (3. P. ser. Exauricula). |
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98 P. punctiferum |
+ |
Veins linear and not unusually swollen at ends |
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(4) |
|
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|
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4 (3) |
Stipe with only linear and linear-lanceolate scales (5. P. ser. Linearia) |
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(5) |
+ |
Stipe with ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate scales (6. P. ser. Makinoiana) |
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(8) |
|
|
|
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5 (4) |
Lower pinnae contracted toward lamina base; pinnules ca. 0.5 cm, nearly leathery. |
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106 P. tangmaiense |
+ |
Lower pinnae not or slightly contracted toward lamina base; pinnules longer than 0.6 cm, papery |
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(6) |
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6 (5) |
Lamina often 20(10-35) cm wide; pinnules with obvious aristate spinules on margin; rachis scales dark brown, linear and straight; apex of lamina often sterile; indusia lacerate. |
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107 P. discretum |
+ |
Lamina often 10(<20) cm wide; pinnules with or without obvious aristate spinules on margin; rachis scales brown, linear and tortuous |
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(7) |
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7 (6) |
Lamina oblong-lanceolate, ratio of length to width ca. 4; rachis scales sparse; pinnae strongly curved upward, caudate; lower basal pinnules of lower pinnae not contracted; sori in 1 or 1.5 rows per pinnule; indusia entire or almost entire. |
|
108 P. oligocarpum |
+ |
Lamina deltoid or broadly lanceolate, ratio of length to width ca. 2.3(-3.5); rachis scales dense; pinnae not or slightly curved upward, acute or acuminate; lower basal pinnules of lower pinnae contracted; sori in 2 rows per pinnule; indusia lacerate. |
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109 P. weimingii |
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8 (4) |
Rachis scales bicolorous: brown and blackish brown |
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(9) |
+ |
Rachis scales concolorous |
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(13) |
|
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|
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9 (8) |
Except rachis base, rachis without ovate-lanceolate scales; pinnules falcate-deltoid |
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(10) |
+ |
Rachis with ovate-lanceolate scales |
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(11) |
|
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|
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10 (9) |
Pinnules with open spinules; indusia shallowly toothed. |
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110 P. makinoi |
+ |
Pinnules with forward-pointing spinules; indusia entire. |
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111 P. otomasui |
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11 (9) |
Lamina deltoid-lanceolate; pinnule falcate-deltoid; microscales lanceolate (broad-type) |
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112 P. parvifoliolatum |
+ |
Lamina oblong-lanceolate or elliptic; pinnule oblong or deltoid-ovate; microscales linear (narrow-type) |
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(12) |
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12 (11) |
Lamina oblong-lanceolate, ratio of length to width ca. 3:1; pinnae acuminate or acute, basalmost 1 or 2 pairs often sterile; pinnules oblong, acroscopic margins nearly not toothed but with long or short spinules; microscales dense abaxially. |
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113 P. piceopaleaceum |
+ |
Lamina elliptic, ratio of length to width ca. 2.5:1; pinnae often caudate, basalmost 1 or 2 pairs often fertile; pinnules deltoid-ovate, acroscopic margins shallowly toothed or dissected halfway to midrib and with long spinules; microscales sparse abaxially |
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114 P. yunnanense |
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13 (8) |
Sori marginal |
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(14) |
+ |
Sori medial or close to midrib |
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(16) |
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14 (13) |
Lamina deltoid-lanceolate; rachis scales linear and subulate; pinnules falcate-deltoid, acuminate at apex, auricles deltoid; indusia erose. |
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115 P. acutipinnulum |
+ |
Lamina deltoid-ovate; rachis scales lanceolate and linear; pinnules oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse at apex, auricles rounded |
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(15) |
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15 (14) |
Whole lamina fertile; acroscopic margins of pinnules without or rarely with few short spinules; indusia entire. |
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116 P. pseudomakinoi |
+ |
Only upper part of lamina fertile; acroscopic margins of pinnules with few short spinules; indusia irregularly lacerate. |
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117 P. shimurae |
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16 (13) |
Nearly whole rachis with ovate-lanceolate scales; pinnules long spinulose on margin |
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(17) |
+ |
Rachis without or only lower part with ovate-lanceolate scales; pinnules shortly spinulose on margin |
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(18) |
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17 (16) |
Microscales long filiform, obviously present on adaxial surface of pinnules; acroscopic margins of pinnules shallowly toothed or incised, basal acroscopic pinnules prolonged and pinnatifid; indusia entire. |
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118 P. huae |
+ |
Microscales shortly filiform, few or absent on adaxial surface of pinnules; acroscopic margins of subentire, basal acroscopic pinnules prolonged but not pinnatifid; indusia erose. |
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119 P. longiaristatum |
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18 (16) |
Plants up to 80 cm tall; rachis scales not regularly reflexed. |
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110 P. makinoi |
+ |
Plants up to 100 cm tall; rachis scales regularly reflexed. |
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120 P. subulatum |
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19 (2) |
Plants summer-green, lamina thinly papery, yellowish green, narrowly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, rarely broadly deltoid-lanceolate (P. bakerianum, P. rufopaleaceum, P. sinense); stipe stramineous or brown when dry; pinnules or free lobes fewer than 6(-10) pairs (up to 15 pairs in P. bakerianum, P. rufopaleaceum, and P. sinense), sessile (2. P. ser. Sinensia) |
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(20) |
+ |
Plants evergreen or rarely summer-green (P. braunii); lamina green, broadly lanceolate, broadly deltoid-lanceolate, or broadly elliptic-lanceolate; stipe greenish when dry; pinnules 10-30 pairs, stalked |
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(34) |
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20 (19) |
Pinnae or lobes obviously aristate-spinulose |
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(21) |
+ |
Pinnae or lobes only crenate to serrulate |
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(25) |
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21 (20) |
Stipe brown or dark brown |
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(22) |
+ |
Stipe stramineous |
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(23) |
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22 (21) |
Stipe brown; lamina oblanceolate. |
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83 P. bomiense |
+ |
Stipe dark brown; lamina lanceolate or elliptic. |
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84 P. tibeticum |
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23 (21) |
Stipe and rachis scales bicolorous: brown with blackish brown centers. |
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80 P. pseudocastaneum |
+ |
Stipe and rachis with brown scales only |
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(24) |
|
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|
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24 (23) |
Middle pinnae 1.5-2 cm, not falcate. |
|
81 P. prescottianum |
+ |
Middle pinnae 3-3.5 cm, slightly falcate. |
|
82 P. yadongense |
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25 (20) |
Stipe scales bicolorous: brown and blackish brown |
|
(26) |
+ |
Stipe scales concolorous: brown or dark brown |
|
(29) |
|
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|
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26 (25) |
Stipe brown at lower part; pinnae obtuse or acute at apex. |
|
91 P. saxicola |
+ |
Stipe stramineous |
|
(27) |
|
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27 (26) |
Lamina bipinnate; large bicolorous scales ovate. |
|
92 P. kangdingense |
+ |
Lamina bipinnatipartite; large bicolorous scales lanceolate |
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(28) |
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|
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28 (27) |
Pinnae 26-32 pairs; lobes narrowly ovate or lanceolate. |
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93 P. frigidicola |
+ |
Pinnae 12-24 pairs; lobes obliquely oblong or rhombic-ovate. |
|
94 P. submite |
|
|
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29 (25) |
Stipe brown at least at lower part |
|
(30) |
+ |
Stipe stramineous, sometimes brownish at base |
|
(31) |
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30 (29) |
Pinnae deltoid-lanceolate, ratio of length to width ca. 2; lobes fewer than 4 pairs. |
|
85 P. qamdoense |
+ |
Pinnae lanceolate, ratio of length to width 3 or larger; lobes 8-12 pairs. |
|
86 P. gongboense |
|
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|
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31 (29) |
Lamina wider than 18 cm at middle; middle pinnae with 12 or more pairs of pinnules; stipe scales reddish brown or brown |
|
(32) |
+ |
Lamina narrower than 14 cm at middle; middle pinnae with fewer than 10 pairs of pinnules or lobes; stipe scales yellowish brown or light brown |
|
(33) |
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32 (31) |
Stipe base with broadly lanceolate scales; pinnules with open teeth; sori indusiate. |
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87 P. bakerianum |
+ |
Stipe base with ovate scales; pinnules with forward-pointing teeth; sori exindusiate. |
|
88 P. rufopaleaceum |
|
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|
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33 (31) |
Stipe with ovate scales; lamina papery; rachis with broadly lanceolate or narrowly ovate scales. |
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89 P. sinense |
+ |
Stipe scales lanceolate; lamina thinly papery; rachis with linear or filiform scales. |
|
90 P. mollissimum |
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|
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34 (19) |
Rachis scales broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate; pinnules of upper pinnae exauriculate (3. P. ser. Exauricula) |
|
(35) |
+ |
Rachis scales various forms; pinnules of upper pinnae obviously auriculate (4. P. ser. Brauniana) |
|
(37) |
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35 (34) |
Large rachis scales relatively sparse, blackish brown to dark brown; stipe scales relatively sparse; lamina sterile at apex; sori indusiate. |
|
97 P. pianmaense |
+ |
Large rachis scales dense, light brown to brown; stipe scales dense; lamina fertile at apex; sori exindusiate |
|
(36) |
|
|
|
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36 (35) |
Stipe scales brown. |
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95 P. longipaleatum |
+ |
Stipe scales bicolorous: brown with blackish brown centers. |
|
96 P. nudisorum |
|
|
|
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37 (34) |
Stipe (at least stipe base) with blackish brown scales; rachis scales light brown |
|
(38) |
+ |
Stipe without blackish brown scales; rachis scales grayish brown |
|
(39) |
|
|
|
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38 (37) |
Sori medial or close to midrib. |
|
99 P. braunii |
+ |
Sori marginal. |
|
100 P. ningshenense |
|
|
|
|
39 (37) |
Rachis scales obviously reflexed. |
|
101 P. retrosopaleaceum |
+ |
Rachis scales not reflexed |
|
(40) |
|
|
|
|
40 (39) |
Rachis scales narrowly lanceolate or linear; sori medial or nearly marginal. |
|
102 P. polyblepharum |
+ |
Rachis (at least lower part of rachis) with ovate and ovate-lanceolate scales; sori medial, marginal, submarginal, or close to midrib |
|
(41) |
|
|
|
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41 (40) |
Lamina normally shorter than 45 cm; scales of upper part of rachis narrowly lanceolate; pinnules normally shorter than 1 cm. |
|
103 P. parvipinnulum |
+ |
Lamina normally longer than 50 cm; upper part of rachis also with ovate and ovate-lanceolate scales; pinnules up to 1.5 cm |
|
(42) |
|
|
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42 (41) |
Lamina oblong-lanceolate, ratio of length to width ca. 4; rachis scales caudate; pinnules narrowly deltoid, with numerous microscales adaxially. |
|
104 P. sozanense |
+ |
Lamina elliptic-lanceolate, ratio of length to width ca. 2.4; rachis scales acuminate; pinnules oblong, with few microscales adaxially. |
|
105 P. ovatopaleaceum |