Pinus abies Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1002. 1753; P. excelsa Lamarck (1778), not Wallich ex D. Don (1828); Picea excelsa (Lamarck) Link.

Trees to 60 m tall; trunk to 6 m d.b.h. in native range; bark furrowed into small scales; branchlets usually pendulous, reddish brown or orange when young, glabrous or slightly pubescent; winter buds conical, scales reflexed, reddish brown. Leaves ascending or directed forward on upper side of branchlets, spreading on lower side, quadrangular-linear, straight or curved, 1.2-2.5 cm, stomatal lines along each surface. Seed cones brown when mature, cylindric, 10-15(-18.5) cm. Seed scales rhombic-obovate or -ovate, distal margin denticulate, apex truncate or emarginate. Seeds ca. 4 mm; wing ca. 1.6 cm.

Cultivated. Beijing Shi, Jiangxi (Lu Shan), Shandong (Qingdao Shi) [native to Europe]