大曲尾藓

Dicranum caesium Mitt., Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. sér. 2, 3: 155. 1891, syn. nov. Type. Japan: Faurie 301 (holotype NY; isotype H). Dicranum diplospiniferum C. Gao & Z.-W. Ao, Bull. Bot. Lab. N.-E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 7: 99. 1980, syn. nov. Type. China: Xizang, Mi-lin Co., S.-K. Chen 4876 (holotype KUN). Dicranum elatum Lindb., Bot. Not. 1865: 78. 1865, nom. illeg. incl. spec. prior. Dicranum perfalcatum Broth., Akad. Wiss. Wien, Sitzungsber., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. 1, 131: 209. 1923, hom. illeg. Type. China: Sichuan (Setschwan), Handel-Mazzetti 1413 (holotype H). Dicranum robustum Blytt ex Bruch & Schimp. in B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. 1: 147. 1847. Dicranum thelinotum C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 3: 98. 1896, syn. nov. Type. China: Shaanxi, Taibai Shan (Mt.), Giraldi 942 (holotype B, probably destroyed; isotype H). Dicranum truncicola Broth., Akad. Wiss. Wien, Sitzungsber., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. 1, 133: 561. 1924, syn. nov. Type. China: Sichuan, Yan-yuan (Yeng-yuen) Co., Handel-Mazzetti 5731 (holotype H).

Plants usually robust, up to 15 cm high, yellowish green to yellowish brown, shiny, in loose tufts. Stems erect, simple or branched, densely radiculose below. Leaves small and distant below, becoming larger and crowded above, in multi-rows, erect or flexuose when dry, falcate-secund when moist, lanceolate, up to 12 mm × 1.5 mm, contracted at base, gradually narrowed from an oblong-ovate base to a long, keeled or subulate acumen, often distinctly undulate above; margins plane, entire below, irregularly double-toothed, bistratose above; costa slender, occupying ca. 1/10 the leaf base width, shortly excurrent, papillose or sharply serrate at back above, without lamellae; upper cells quadrate to short-rectangular, thick-walled, not porose, papillose on the leaf dorsal surface; basal cells elongate, rectangular, thick-walled, porose; alar cells quadrate, somewhat inflated, multi-stratose (4–5 layered), brownish, not extending to the costa. Dioicous. Male plants dwarfed. Perichaetial leaves convolute-sheathing at the base, abruptly subulate. Setae slender, straight, 3–5 cm long, yellowish, 2–3 per perichaetium; capsules short-cylindric, curved, inclined to horizontal, striate when dry, yellowish brown; opercula conic-rostrate; peristome teeth lanceolate, divided unequally to the middle, reddish brown. Spores 14–18 µm in diameter, brownish.

Type. Norway: Drummond s.n.

Chinese specimens examined: GUIZHOU: Jiang-kou Co., C. Gao 32574 (MO), C. Gao & J.-Y. Feng 32584 (IFSBH). JILIN: An-tuo Co., C. Gao 1104 (IFSBH); Wu-song Co., Z.-Y. Wu & Y.-L. Zhou 1659 (IFSBH). SHAANXI: Taibai Shan (Mt.), Z.-P. Wei 6249 (IFSBH). SICHUAN: Ba-tang Co., S. He 31595 (MO, PE); Dao-cheng Co., S. He 31673 (MO, PE); Li-xian Co., Z. Wang 514 (IFSBH); Mu-li Co., Z.-T. Guan 247 (MO), C. Gao 20442 (IFSBH); Song-fan Co., S. He 30508 (MO, PE); Tian-quan Co., S. He 32022 (MO, PE); Ya-jiang Co., S. He 31924 (MO, PE); Yeng-yuan Co., Handel-Mazzetti 464 (H). XIZANG: Cha-yu Co., M.-Z. Wang 12780(f) (IFSBH, PE); Lang-xian Co., K.-Y. Lang 593 (IFSBH, PE), M. Zang 1900 (IFSBH); Mi-lin Co., M. Zang 1671, 1934 (IFSBH, KUN). YUNNAN: between Bödö (Peti) and Alo, Handel-Mazzetti 2875 (MO, as Dicranum perfalcatum); Da-li Co., Handel-Mazzetti 8705 (H); Li-jiang Co., Handel-Mazzetti 9273 (H); Zhong-dian Co., H.-F. Xie 1938 (MO, as Dicranum robustum).

Habitat: on soil and rocks in mixed hardwood conifer forests; Distribution: China, Korea, Japan, Russia, and Europe.

Dicranum drummondii represents an interesting complex with different expressions in plant size, color, thickness of leaf margins, and alar cells. Chinese collections of this species and the types of Dicranum caesium, D. diplospiniferum, D. thelinotum, and D. truncicola all fall within these expressions. This complex represents a single, variable species.

Illustrations: C. Gao (ed.) 1994 (Pl. 119, figs. 11–16).