日本曲尾藓

Dicranum japonicum var. yunnanense Salm., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 452. 1900. syn. nov. Type. China: Yunnan, Mupeh Kuei, A. Henry 6165 (holotype BM). Dicranum longicylindricum C. Gao & T. Cao, Bryobrothera 1: 218. 1992. syn. nov. Dicranum cylindricum Broth. in Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 4: 27. 1929. Type. China: Yunnan, between Mekong and Salwin, Handel-Mazzetti 1914 (holotype H). Dicranum schensianum C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 4: 249. 1897. syn. nov. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Schan-kio, G. Giraldi 1436 (holotype B, probably destroyed; isotype H).

Plants coarse, fairly robust, up to 5(–13) cm high, yellowish green or brownish green, shiny or not, in loose tufts. Stems erect, simple or rarely branched, loosely foliate, densely tomentose throughout. Leaves flexuose or somewhat falcate-secund when dry, erect-patent when moist, lanceolate, 7–11 mm long, gradually narrowed from an oblong base to a long subulate or keeled, sometimes undulate, acumen; margins plane, sharply serrate in the upper 1/3; costa narrow, slender, shortly excurrent, ending in a short hairpoint, with 2–3 serrate lamellae at back in the upper part; upper cells oblong-rhomboidal, ca. 60 µm × 9 µm, thick-walled, slightly porose; basal cells elongate, rounded rectangular, ca. 100 µm × 10 µm, thick-walled, porose; alar cells broadly rectangular, inflated, ca. 50 µm × 20 µm, thin-walled, bistratose, brownish. Dioicous. Male plants dwarfed, 1–3 mm high. Perichaetial leaves ca. 7–10 mm long, high convolute-sheathing at base, abruptly narrowed to a long, subulate, serrulate apex. Setae single, twisted when dry, 3–6 cm long, yellowish or reddish brown; capsules cylindric, curved, inclined to horizontal, urns 3.0–4.5 mm × 0.8–1.0 mm; stomata present at neck; opercula long-rostrate, about as long as the urns; peristome teeth lanceolate, ca. 0.75 mm long, 2–3 divided to the middle, densely papillose above, vertically pitted-striolate below. Calyptrae ca. 8 mm long. Spores ca. 20 µm in diameter, yellowish, coarsely papillose.

Type. Japan.

Chinese specimens examined: ANHUI: Huang Shan (Mt.), P.-C. Chen et al. 7236 (IFSBH). FUJIAN: Wuyi Shan (Mt.), P.-J. Lin 214 (IBSC, IFSBH). GUANGDONG: Ru-yuan Co., Yue 73 Collecting Team 413 (IBSC). GUANGXI: Long-sheng Co., P.-C. Wu 1367 (IFSBH, PE). GUIZHOU: Jiang-kou Co., C. Gao & J.-Y. Feng 32331, 32426 (IFSBH). HEILONGJIANG: A-cheng Co., C. Gao 3084 (IFSBH); Da Xing An Ling (Greater Khingan Mt.), C. Gao 3138 (IFSBH); Rao-he Co., G.-Z. Wang 647 (IFSBH); Xiao Xing An Ling (Lesser Khingan Mt.), C. Gao 249, 263 (IFSBH, MO). HENAN: Lao-jun Shan (Mt.), J.-M. Liu 5273 (IFSBH). HUBEI: Shen-nong-jia (Mt.), P.-C. Wu 354 (MO). HUNAN: Yi-zhang Co., C. Gao et al. 1001 (IFSBH). JIANGSU: Wu-xian Co., R.-L. Hu 69 (HSNU). JIANGXI: Lu Shan (Mt.), Wuhan Teachers’ College 018 (IFSBH). JILIN: An-tu Co., C. Gao 1140 (IFSBH); Chang-bai Co., C. Gao 7329 (IFSBH, MO); Lin-jiang Co., C. Gao 7770 (IFSBH); Wang-qing Co., C. Gao & G.-C. Zhang 8826 (IFSBH). NEI MONGOL: Da Xing An Ling (Greater Khingan Mt.), C. Gao 821 (MO), C. Gao 1015 (IFSBH). SHAANXI: Tai-bai Shan (Mt.), S.-E. Liu 4388 (IFSBH). SICHUAN: Jin-fo Shan (Mt.), J.-G. Yang 1158 (IFSBH); Kang-ding Co., Z.-F. Fang & S.-D. Zhao 27414 (IFSBH); Ma-er-kang Co., S. He 31288a (MO); Mu-li Co., Y.-L. Zhang 27532 (IFSBH), C. Gao 20738 (IFSBH, as Dicranum longicylindricum); Nan-chuan Co., M.-Z. Wang 860239 (MO, PE); Song-fan Co., S. He 30519b (MO); Tian-quan Co., C. Gao et al. 18001 (IFSBH); Xichang City, C. Gao et al. 19776 (IFSBH). TAIWAN: Chi-tou Co., C.-C. Chuang 6374 (MO); Chia-yi Co., M.-J. Lai 2931 (MO); Hua-lien Co., C.-I. Peng 83-53 (MO); Tai-tung Co., C.-C. Chuang 5167 (MO). XIZANG: Lin-zhi Co., Z.-X. Tan 16 (IFSBH); Mi-lin Co., Y.-G. Su 5202 (IFSBH, KUN); Mo-tuo Co., S.-K. Chen 49 (KUN). YUNNAN: Gong-shan Co., M.-Z. Wang 11185(a) (IFSBH, PE); Jing-dong Co., J.-K. Zhang 1026 (IFSBH, YUKU); Wei-xi Co., M.-Z. Wang 5041 (IFSBH, PE). ZHEJIANG: Longtang Shan (Mt.), R.-L. Hu 53 (HSNU).

Habitat: on humic soil, rocks, or rotten logs; Distribution: China, Korea, Japan, and Russian Far East.

Dicranum japonicum has a wide distribution range in China. It shows considerable variation in plant habit and size. Type specimens of Dicranum longicylindricum, D. schensianum, D. japonicum var. yunnanense exhibit identical morphological concept we understand in China for D. japonicum.

Illustrations: C. Gao (ed.) 1994 (Pl. 123, figs. 8–12; Pl. 130, figs. 1–2).