扭口藓

Streblotrichum unguiculatum (Hedw.) Loeske, Stud. Morph. Syst. Laubm. 102. 1910. Tortula unguiculata (Hedw.) P. de Beauv., Prodr. Aethéogam. 93. 1805, hom. illeg. Barbula ochracea Broth. ex Levier, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. ser. 13: 249. 1906. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Kuan-tou-san, 13 X 1898, P. J. Giraldi s.n. (isotype H). Barbula subunguiculata Schimp. ex Besch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 7, 17: 337. 1893. Barbula tokyoensis Besch., J. Bot. (Desvaux) 12: 296. 1898. Barbula unguiculata var. trichostomifolia (C. Müll.) P.-C. Chen, Hedwigia 80: 217. 1941. Barbula trichostomifolia C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. ser. 4: 256. 1897. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Lao-y-san, P. J. Giraldi 1383 (isotype H). Tortella himantina (Besch.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 397. 1902. Barbula himantina Besch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 7, 17: 337. 1893.

Plants small to large, slender to rather robust, 5–40 mm high, green to brownish green, in soft, loose tufts. Stems erect, usually irregularly branched, often radiculose at base. Leaves contorted or crisped when dry, erect-spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate to narrow-ligulate, obtusely pointed to apiculate; margins entire, plane above, recurved in lower half; costa stout, shortly excurrent as a mucro; upper leaf cells quadrate to hexagonal, rather thin-walled, obscure, multi-papillose, with several, small, C-shaped papillae; basal cells differentiated, short-rectangular, somewhat thick-walled, smooth, rarely papillose, hyaline to green. Gemmae absent. Dioicous. Setae 10–15 mm long, reddish brown; capsules erect, cylindrical; peristome teeth filiform, twisted, densely papillose; opercula conic-rostrate, with an erect beak.

Type. Europe.

Chinese specimens examined: ANHUI: Wu-hu Co., P.-C. Chen 6401 (PE). BEIJING: Z.-G. Tong 51–1 (PE). FUJIAN: Jian-ou Co., D.-K. Li 19188 (HKAS, SHM). GANSU: Qi-lian Shan (Mt.), Z.-D. Zhuo 761–033 (PE). HEBEI: Dong-ling, L.-Q. Yu 361 (PE). HENAN: Hui Co., H.-J. Yu 58011 (PE); Tong-bai Co., M. Liu 86 (PE); Xi-chuan Co., H.-J. Yu 6033 (PE). HUBEI: Wu-dang Shan (Mt.), Silvestri 7674 (H); Wu-feng Co., W.-X. Xu 4 (HYUB). HUNAN: Sang-zhi Co., D.-K. Li 18650 (HKAS, SHM). JIANGSU: Bao-hua Shan (Mt.), K.-J. Guan B14 (PE); Chang-shu Co., Courtois 08–1 (HKAS); Nanjing City, M. Zang 4 (HKAS). JIANGXI: Lu Shan (Mt.), X.-J. Li 69 (HKAS), P.-C. Chen 102 (PE). JILIN: Chang-bai Shan (Mt.), C. Gao 7457 (HKAS, IFSBH). LIAONING: Ben-xi Co., C. Gao & G.-C. Zhang 1099 (HKAS, IFSBH); Feng-cheng Co., C. Gao 1126 (IFSBH); Zhao-hu-da Distr., X.-L. Chen 73001 (HKAS, IFSBH). SHAANXI: Hu Co., Z.-P. Wei 4608 (HKAS). SHANDONG: Tai Shan (Mt.), C. Gao & E.-Z. Bai 33970 (IFSBH). SHANGHAI: Jin Shan (Mt.), D.-K. Li 920 (HKAS, SHM). SHANXI: Xi-yang Co., Q. Li 790 (HKAS). SICHUAN: Cheng-du City, J.-L. Yang 12 (HKAS); Chong-qing City, P.-C. Chen 411 (PE); Lu-ding Co., Y. Xuan 17840 (HKAS); Mu-li Co., P.-Q. Li 24107 (HKAS); Nan-chong Co., L.-T. Wu 24 (HKAS); Wen-chuang Co., J.-X. Luo 3524 (PE); Xiang-cheng Co., X.-J. Li 81-2791 (HKAS). TAIWAN: Chia-yi Co., Koponen 17177 (H, HKAS); Tai-zhong Co., Koponen 17965 (H, HKAS). XINJIANG: Be-ge-da Shan (Mt.), J.-C. Zhao 2539 (HKAS). XIZANG: Long-zi Co., Jia-yu, M. Zang 936 (HKAS); Mo-tuo Co., Y.-G. Su 2303 (HKAS); Ya-dong Co., M. Zang 626 (HKAS). YUNNAN: Bin-chuan Co., M.-K. Cui 985 (HYUB); Kunming City, Z.-M. Li 7a (HYUB); Lv-chun Co., M. Zang 375 (HKAS); Meng-la Co., L. Zhang 335 (HKAS); Qiu-bei Co., X.-J. Li 163 (HKAS); Song-ming Co., G.-H. Feng 3 (HKAS); Teng-chong Co., X.-J. Li 80300 (HKAS); Yang-bi Co., Redfearn et al., 115 (MO); Yi-liang Co., S.-K. Chen 4482 (HKAS); Yuan-yang Co., X.-J. Li & M. Zang 4865 (HKAS); Zhong-dian Co., X.-J. Li 811483 (HKAS). ZHEJIANG: Heng-zhou City, D.-K. Li 205 (HKAS, SHM); Ning-bo City, Z.-L. Liu 30454 (HKAS, SHM).

Habitat: common on rocks, thin soil over rocks; also on forest ground and grassland; Distribution: China, Japan, India, Russia, Europe, northern Africa, North and South America, and Australia.

Illustrations: C. Gao (ed.) 1996 (Pl. 66, figs. 6–10).