反扭藓

Tortula anomala (Bruch. & Schimp.) Mitt. & Wils., Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 9: 321. 1857. Trichostomum anomalum (Bruch. & Schimp.) Schimp., Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 28. 1856. Rhamphidium crassicostatum X.-J. Li, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 101, f. 1. 1981. Type. China: Xizang, Long-zi Co., San-an-qu-lin, M. Zang 1444 (holotype HKAS). Timmiella leptocarpa Broth., Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Abt. 1, 131: 210. 1923. Type. China: Guizhou (Kweitschou), between Badschai and Mansanping, 14 Dec. 1917, Handel-Mazzetti 10775 (holotype H). Timmiella merrillii Broth., Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 14. 1908. Timmiella multiflora (C. Müll.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 396. 1902. Barbula multiflora C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. ser. 5: 180. 1898. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Tui-kio-san, P. J. Giraldi s.n. (isotype H). Timmiella rosulata (C. Müll.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3) 396. 1902. Barbula rosulata (C. Müll.) C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. ser. 5: 180. 1898. Trichostomum rosulatum C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. ser. 4: 252. 1897. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Lao-y-san, Mar. 1896. P. J. Giraldi 1385 (isotype H). Tortella eroso-dentata Sak., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 62: 105. 1949. Type. China: Shanxi, Shi-zui, Heng-ling, M. Sato 69 (isotype TNS).

Plants small to medium-sized, 1–2 cm high, bright green or dark green, in loose tufts. Stems erect, simple, rarely irregularly branched. Leaves often rosulate at the stem tips, contorted-curved when dry, spreading when moist, oblong-lanceolate to ligulate-lanceolate, 2.5–3.5 mm long, broadly channeled above, acute at the apex, somewhat sheathing at base; margins plane or weakly incurved, coarsely serrate near the apex; costa rather stout, percurrent; upper leaf cells quadrate to rounded-hexagonal, bistratose except marginal cells, smooth, sometimes bulging on the ventral side of leaves; basal cells rectangular, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Dioicous. Setae 1.0–1.5 cm long, reddish brown; capsules erect or slightly inclined, 2–3 mm long; annuli none; peristome teeth, linear-lanceolate, dextrorse, densely papillose. Spores 10–13 µm in diameter, yellowish brown, minutely papillose.

Type. Europe.

Chinese specimens examined: ANHUI: Qing-yang, Z.-L. Liu 30128 (SHM). BEIJING: Beijing Zoo, X.-J. Li 641 (HKAS). FUJIAN: Wuyi Shan (Mt.), D.-K. Li 12749 (SHM). GUANGDONG: Le-chang Co., L. Zhang 580 (HKAS). GUANGXI: Tian-lin Co., C. Gao 2338 (IFSBH). HEBEI: Dong-ling, Q. Yu 338 (PE); Xiao-qu-tai Shan (Mt.), C. Gao 30689 (IFSBH); Zhuo-lu Co., L.-Q. Yu 211, 234 (PE). HENAN: Deng-feng Co., Song Shan (Mt.), D.-K. Li 6464 (SHM); Kai-feng City, D.-K. Li 6458 (SHM). HUBEI: Wu-feng Shan (Mt.), X.-W. Xu 69 (HKAS). JIANGXI: Jing-gang Shan (Mt.), D.-K. Li 16889 (SHM). JILIN: Lin-jiang Co., C. Gao 7730 (IFSBH). LIAONING: Ben-xi Co., C. Gao 8347 (HKAS, IFSBH); Shen-yang City, C. Gao 7971 (IFSBH). NEI MONGOL: Da-qing Shan (Mt.), Z.-G. Tong 1370 (PE); He-lan Shan (Mt.), P.-Y. Fu 1242 (HKAS). SHAANXI: Hu Co., Z.-P. Wei 4376 (HKAS, WUG). SHANDONG: Tai Shan (Mt.), C. Gao 33940 (IFSBH). SHANXI: Tai-yuan City, Y.-J. Ling 5901 (HKAS). SICHUAN: Ba-tang Co., S. He 31308 (MO); Cheng-du City, J.-L. Yang 20 (PE); De-rong Co., X.-J. Li 812830 (HKAS); Du-kou City, L.-S. Wang 83276 (HKAS); Jin-fu Shan (Mt.), P.-C. Chen 1518 (PE); Mu-ping Co., X.-Y. Hu 38 (PE); Nan-chong Co., C.-L. Wang 9 (HKAS); Nan-chuan Co., X.-Y. Hu H0837 (MO); Nan-ping Co., Redfearn 35345 (MO); Omei Shan (Mt.), D.-K. Li 15297 (SHM); Ruo-er-gai Co., S. He 30874 (MO); Song-pan Co., Redfearn 35462 (MO); Tian-quan Co., S. He 32073 (MO); Xiang-cheng Co., X.-J. Li 3093 (HKAS); Ya-jiang Co., S. He 31999a (MO). TAIWAN: Hua-lien Co., Koponen 18428 (H); Tien-hsiang, Iwatsuki & Sharp 1670 (NICH). XIZANG: Ji-long Co., M. Zang 257 (HKAS); Long-zi Co., San-an-qu-lin, M. Zang 1474 (HKAS); Mi-lin Co., M. Zang 1742 (HKAS); Mo-tuo Co., Y.-G. Su 1514 (HKAS). YUNNAN: An-ning Co., Redfearn & M. Zang 33353 (MO); Bi-jiang Co., M. Zang 5758a (HKAS); Bin-chuan Co., M.-K. Cui 186d (HKAS); De-qin Co., M. Zang 8583 (HKAS); Gong-shan Co., Du-long-jiang, M. Zang 3734 (HKAS); Kun-ming City, Koponen 37506 (H); Li-jiang Co., X.-J. Li 81548 (HKAS); Song-ming Co., X.-J. Li 1210 (HKAS); Wei-xi Co., X.-J. Li 161 (HKAS); Yang-bi Co., Redfearn & Y.-G. Su 1013 (MO); Yong-ping Co., X.-J. Li 81126 (HKAS); Zhao-tong City, J.-T. Chang 5958 (HKAS); Zhong-dian Co., X.-J. Li 811491 (HKAS). ZHEJIANG: Hang-zhou City, S.-R. Xiang 1 (PE).

Habitat: on rocks and soil walls, or on forest ground and rotten woods; Distribution: China, Japan, India, Pakistan, the Philippines, northern Africa, Europe, and North America.

Illustrations: C. Gao (ed.) 1996 (Pl. 58, figs. 1–5).